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geography > population and the evironment > Flashcards

population and the evironment Flashcards

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1
Q

birth rate

A

the number of live births per 1000 of the population in a year

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2
Q

death rate

A

the number of deaths per 1000 per population in a year

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3
Q

population density

A

the average number of people in an area e.g square kilometre

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4
Q

fertility rate

A

the average number of children a woman can expect to give birth to in her (fertile) lifetime

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5
Q

migration rate

A

the amount of people moving from one place to another, in a year

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6
Q

natural increase

A

the birth rate exceeds the death rate in one year, so the population grows

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7
Q

infant mortality rate

A

the number of children who die before they reach their first birthday, per 1000 per year

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8
Q

life expectancy

A

the average number of years a person can expect to live to at birth

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9
Q

population distribution

A

the pattern of where people live

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10
Q

population parameter

A

different measurable factors to describe population e.g density, distribution, rate of change

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11
Q

agricultural productivity

A

the output of agriculture in terms of the inputs such as the capital and labour

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12
Q

climate

A

the average weather conditions of a particular place; a suitable climate is required for high yields

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13
Q

food security

A

when there is plentiful nutritious and affordable food

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14
Q

salinisation

A

increase of salt concentration in soil

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15
Q

dependency ratio

A

measures the level of dependency in a country

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16
Q

population pyramid

A

represents the breakdown of the population by gender and age

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17
Q

demographic dividend

A

an economic boost due to the number of working population exceeding that of dependents

18
Q

refugee

A

someone who moves to another country in order to be safe from persecution or conflict in their own country; their claim for asylum has also been improved

19
Q

asylum seeker

A

someone claiming safety in another country, but have not yet been approved to stay

20
Q

economic migrant

A

someone who migrates to another country due to job / economic benefits / opportunities

21
Q

immigrant

A

someone who makes a conscious choice to move somewhere else to live; they move INTO another country

22
Q

emigrant

A

someone who leaves a country, they make a choice to LEAVE the area

23
Q

push / pull factors

A

factors that either force someone to leave an area or invite someone to want to live there

24
Q

what is exponential growth?

A

increase in number or size at a constantly growing rate

25
Q

what is population density?

A

how many people per square kilometre (number of people/size of area)

26
Q

what are the two main water bodies in Niger?

A

Lake Chad and River Niger

27
Q

what is the opposite of commercial farming?

A

subsistence

28
Q

what is the opposite of intensive farming?

A

extensive

29
Q

what are the three types of farming types?

A

arable, pastoral, mixed

30
Q

how is agricultural productivity measured?

A

in terms of yields

31
Q

what is total factor productivity?

A

the ratio of agricultural outputs (e.g crop yield/livestock) to inputs (e.g land/labour)

32
Q

how does the carbon emissions of countries with immigration differ from those with emigration?

A

(per capita) those with net immigration have 3 times higher emissions than those with net emigration

33
Q

when does labour want to remove the green belt around core cities by and why?

A

2023, due to population pressure of increased migration. this means that greenfield sites are having to be used for housing and urban sprawl

34
Q

what percentage of the UK believes migration is bad for the economy?

A

47%

35
Q

by how much are uni fees higher for migrants?

A

3 times higher

36
Q

what proportion of the UK wanted immigration to be cut in 2016?

A

over 3/4

37
Q

what industry do migrant’s contribute to most and why?

A

the primary industry: work as fruit pickers which hugely benefits the economy

38
Q

what are alluvial soils?

A

deposited on floodplains, nutrient rich

39
Q

what is a parent material?

A

the rock underlying the material

40
Q

what is soil texture?

A

proportion of sand/silt/clay
(loam = mixture of soil, particle that is most dominant)

41
Q

what is soil structure?

A

how the particles are grouped together, called peds

42
Q

what is an example of a blue zone community?

A

Okinawa (Japan)

geography (17 decks)

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