paper two quick fixes Flashcards
what are the two models in GG?
gini coefficient
core periphery model
what does Los Macquiladores exemplify?
sector shift:
- deindustrialisation in US allowed for industrialisation in Mexico
- due to NAFTA (trade agreement)
- shows shift from primary to secondary
what is agglomeration?
business takeover, buying up multiple businesses
what is vertical integration?
companies buy other sections of the supply chain of the same product
what is horizontal integration?
buying rival companies that do the same thing
what is protectionism?
barriers to trade
what is ‘race to the bottom’?
cutting costs so that TNCs profit and producers are paid increasingly less
what scheme exemplifies changing patterns of trade?
possible negatives?
Belt and Road initiative:
- China created new trade routes through Africa (railway)
- invested funds and loans (FDI) to Africa for energy and transport
(-) created debt traps
(-) soft power
usefulness of qualitative data?
(+) see emotion through interpretation and colours
(+) can see change in function / character
(-) only show a snapshot in time: unreliable for change over time
(+) can see people’s emotions: lived experience and sense of place
(-) artists / writers bias
(-) staged for certain audience?
(-) subjective
usefulness of quantitative data?
(+) census data can be compared: shows change over time and very reliable
(-) lacks opinions and personal experience
(+) not biased, objective
(+) census data collected by govern so not biased for certain audience
(-) have to infer trends / ideas from the statistics
what is locale?
takes into account the effect that people have on their setting; particular events associated with it
what is lived experience?
the perception of a place, having resided there for a significant period of time
what is the difference between site and situation?
site is the physical features/landscape whereas situation is in relation to the surrounding area / what is nearby
what is placelessness?
a lack of uniqueness / identity
what is placemaking?
deliberate shaping of an environment to facilitate social interaction and improve a community’s quality of life
what is glocalisation?
when a global brand changes its stock to appeal to local tastes
how much higher is countries emissions with net immigration as opposed to those with net emigration?
3 times higher
how much did the workforce in the US increase due to migrants in the last 10 years?
47%
how much did the workforce in Europe increase due to migrants in the last 10 years?
70%
what statistic backs up Simon’s theory?
75% reduction in people living below poverty line
what percentage of cataracts is due to direct exposure to UV?
20%
how many variants of global projections? what are they?
four: medium, high, low and constant fertility
how do the high and low variants of population projections differ from the medium variant?
either 0.5 higher or lower than medium
who created the global scale population projections?
UN
what is population density?
how many people per square kilometre
what is exponential growth?
increase in number or size at a constantly growing rate
what is carrying capacity?
maximum population size of the species that the environment can sustain indefinitely given the food, habitat, water and other necessities
what is TFP?
total factor productivity: the ratio of agricultural outputs to inputs
what are the two limiting factors of TFP?
- increasing costs
- decreasing yields
how much rainfall does Niger receive?
200mm in the north
600mm in the south west
example of tundra climate tribe?
Inuit
what proportion of global food production is lost/wasted?
1/3
how many tonnes of soil are lost through erosion each year?
75 billion tonnes annually
what percentage of all food production is for animal feed (fodder)?
80%
how do trees act as a windbreaker for soil erosion?
trees can provide a windbreak of 12x it’s height
what percentage of world deaths does heart disease account for?
16%
how many people are still undernourished?
800 million
what percentage of World Bank financing in agriculture also targeted climate action/mitigation?
52%
three types of multilateral institutions?
World Bank, IMF, WTO
what is the World Bank?
- lends money to governments in order to reduce poverty and improve standard of living
- only ever has an American president meaning it has a eurocentric view of westernisation
what is the IMF?
- works to achieve sustainable growth and prosperity
- provides support through economic policies that promote financial stability and monetary cooperation
- oversees the global financial system and offers loans
what is the WTO?
- deals with the rules of trade between nations
- ratified in parliaments (legally upheld)
- goal is to ensure that trade flows as smoothly, predictably and freely as possible
