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Geography > Population And The Environment > Flashcards

Population And The Environment Flashcards

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1
Q

What did Hans Rosling say about birth rate

A

Low child survival rates due to living conditions but over time will increase due to development

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2
Q

How can relief impact population

A

Infrastructure flood risk and transport
eg: China yangtze basin is low lying but Himalayas is high

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3
Q

How can climate impact population

A

Disease flood risk and droughts
Eg: Sahara desert or Germany

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4
Q

How can vegetation impact population

A

Infrastructure construction crops transport

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5
Q

How can soils impact population

A

Agriculture
Eg: Nile basin in Egypt is densely populated

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6
Q

How does water Supply impact population

A

Can or can’t support
Eg: Sahara desert cant

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7
Q

How can geology and other resources impact population

A

Lack of wealth
Economic development
Eg Niger delta in Nigeria has gold

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8
Q

Niger case study facts: where does it rank with lowest HDI, fertility rate?rain?

A

In the top ten, 7 per woman, received little rain suffers from droughts

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9
Q

What 5 things impact population change

A

1) strength of economy (healthcare etc)
2) climate (food production etc)
3) soils (agricultural output)
4) water supply (hydration and sanitation)
5) geology ( tertiary industries)

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10
Q

Why do people migrate

A

Fertile soils, resource abundance

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11
Q

What is green production

A

Increase in high yielding crop technology

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12
Q

Why are areas like Africa malnourished

A

Relient in ability to produce enough food

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13
Q

Commercial farming

A

Majority silt and income provides livelihood

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14
Q

Subsistence farming

A

Most is consumed by landowner or farm workers

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15
Q

Intensive farming

A

High levels of inputs per unit area of land

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16
Q

Extensive farming

A

Over large area with fewer capital or labour inputs

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17
Q

Organic farming

A

No synthetic fertilisers

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18
Q

What are four factors that can have a short term impact on productivity

A

Weather
animal disease
Policy interventions
Economic conditions

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19
Q

Where are polar climates

A

Northern hemisphere

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20
Q

Where are tropical monsoon climates

A

Along equator

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21
Q

Characteristics of polar climate

A

Below 250mm rain a year

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22
Q

Who is Tim Meyers

A

Farmer in Alaska who spread salmon slurry to fertilise soil and used poly tunnels and raised beds to mitigate low temps

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23
Q

How do humans depend on the climate in tropical monsoon climates

A

Rice grows in flooded fields
India
Labour intensive
Weak monsoon rain means crop failure so less production and exports
Less food security

24
Q

How does climate change impact TMC

A

Increasing unpredictability, amount of rainfall meaning it’s difficult for farmers to plan

25
Q

How does climate change impact PC

A

permafrost melts
Releases CO2 and methane (most potent)

26
Q

Why will sub-Saharan Africa most likely be hit the most by climate change

A

Agriculture dependant

27
Q

Agro forestry

A

Planting crops near trees to act as a windbreak and creates a micro climate through shade

28
Q

Levelling farmland improves?

A

Water use efficiency

29
Q

Underground pipelines are used to?

A

Deliver high tech crop irrigation

30
Q

What does soil do

A

Cycling nutrients
Recycling water
Sustains plant and animal life

31
Q

What is a podzol

A

Subarctic soils

32
Q

How does the tundra impact: agriculture, oil and mineral extraction, tourism

A

1) can’t hunt as it’s legally protected, acidic soil, need for fertiliser
2) disrupts permafrost
3) decrease in population

33
Q

Zonal soil

A

Tropical rainforest

34
Q

How does climate affect latosols?

A

Increase rainfall and temp means chemical weathering and rapid leaching

35
Q

How does relief affect latosols?

A

Flat land forms thicker material

36
Q

How does living organisms affect latosols?

A

Hot and damp means decomp

37
Q

How does time affect latosols?

A

Rapid weathering and breakdown

38
Q

Sheet erosion

A

Raindrop loosen the soil leads to Overland flow and transports the topsoil 

39
Q

Rill erosion

A

Rainfall gathers on the surface and runs downhill

40
Q

Splash erosion

A

Movements of soil by splashing

41
Q

Gully erosion

A

Rills aren’t repaired they grow into large gullies

42
Q

River bank erosion

A

Soils washed by unmanaged rivers

43
Q

Saltation

A

Particle suspended by wind then fall back to ground 

44
Q

Abrasion and attrition

A

Particles the road surface or hit other particles and break

45
Q

Suspension

A

Particles lifted into air and transported


46
Q

Creep

A

Particles, too heavy so wind rolls down the along the surface


47
Q

How to control water erosion

A

Install and maintain field drains and ditches. This reduces surface run-off and stabilises the topsoil protect the soil in winter by sewing.


48
Q

How to control wind erosion

A

Organic matter to improve soil structure and leave crop residues to increase roughness and increase plants cover 

49
Q

How to manage waterlogging

A

Drainage
Contour ploughing

50
Q

Salinisation - how to treat this

A

Flush soils with lots of water

51
Q

Example of salinisation

A

Lower Colorado river valley - too salty for Mexican farmers

52
Q

How to manage erosion

A

Terracing land downslope
Contour ploughing allows water to infiltrate

53
Q

What causes reduction in soil organic matter? How to manage this?

A

Cultivation - increased aeration leads to breakdown of plant matter -reduce use of chemicals

54
Q

Where was food security an issue and when?

A

Somalia - 2014

55
Q

How many people in Somalia were faced with food insecurity

A

3 million

56
Q

In Uganda what is the main threat to food safety

A

Food poisoning

57
Q

How to ensure food security

A

Increase food production
Reduce post production losses
Reduce growth in demand

Geography (3 decks)

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