Population and Migration

Question 0

What is natural increase?

Answer 0

Difference between birth and death rates.

Question 1

What is exponential growth?

Answer 1

Pattern where growth rate constantly increases in a J shape.

Question 2

What is the difference between dense and sparse populations?

Answer 2

Dense has a high concentration of people, sparse has a low one.

Question 3

What does NIC stand for and what are some examples of NICs?

Answer 3

Newly Industrialising Countries. For example India, China and Singapore.

Question 4

What causes high birth rates in LEDCs?

Answer 4

Limited contraception, few women’s rights, dropping out of school, early marriage, the need for big families.

Question 5

What causes high death rates in LEDCs?

Answer 5

Contaminated water, no access to hospitals, poor infrastructure (prone to damage; could trap, collapse, break on someone), dropping out of school w/o needed knowledge, unhealthy diet.

Question 6

The global population distribution is very uneven. True or false?

Answer 6

True.

Question 7

Why might weather cause counties to be sparsely populated?

Answer 7

People that work outside like farmers need good weather. Coldness prevents growing, hotness makes the soil thin. They will move somewhere that is more suitable.

Question 8

Why is global population increasing?

Answer 8

Better living conditions and medical care. There is a natural increase happening.

Question 9

What does DTM stand for and what is it?

Answer 9

Demographic Transition Model explains birth and death rate and global population patterns through time.

Question 10

What happens on Stage 1 of the DTM?

Answer 10

High fluctuating, birth rates are high, death rates are high.

Question 11

What happens on Stage 2 of the DTM?

Answer 11

Population increase, birth rates are still high like Stage 1, death rates start to decrease.

Question 12

What happens on Stage 3 of the DTM?

Answer 12

Population increase, birth rates start to decrease a lot, death rates continue to decrease.

Question 13

What happens on Stage 4 of the DTM?

Answer 13

Low fluctuating, birth rates stay low, death rates stay low.

Question 14

What happens on stage 5 of the DTM?

Answer 14

Ageing and decline, birth rates are very low, death rates rise slightly.

Question 15

What does replacement level mean?

Answer 15

For a sustainable population, couples could only have 2 children.

Question 16

What is a sustainable population?

Answer 16

When a population structure doesn’t create problems for an areas future generations. There is an equal spread among all age groups.

Question 17

What is an economically active age?

Answer 17

When you can earn money and pay taxes.

Question 18

Who and what is the dependant population?

Answer 18

Those who don’t work and so need help form others; elderly and young.

Question 19

What is a dependency ratio?

Answer 19

Difference between economically active and dependant population that helps identify future problems.

Question 20

What does a LEDC population pyramid look like and what stage of the DTM are they at?

Answer 20

Wide base and narrow top (triangle) at Stage 1 and 2.

Question 21

What does a MEDC population pyramid look like and what stage of the DTM are they at?

Answer 21

Narrow base and wide top (kind of onion) at Stage 4 and 5.

Question 22

What does a population pyramid with a narrow top and wide base indicate?

Answer 22

High death rate, high birth rate, rapidly growing population and lots of young people to look after old.

Question 23

What does a population pyramid with a narrow base and almost top heavy indicate?

Answer 23

Low and falling birth rate, low death rate, low infant mortality rate and ageing population.

Question 24

Outline China’s One Child Policy case study.

Answer 24

Introduced late 1970s because of overpopulation. Hasn’t decreased population, only birth rates.
+: Slower pop increase, lower risk of labour illness, less demand for resources, focus on healthcare, 300mill people prevented.
-: More boys, forced abortion, unfair since doesn’t apply to urban areas, no rights, only child, infanticide, fines.

Question 25

Outline the Kerala case study.

Answer 25

India’s pop is too high so Gov encourages small families by: better education for women, leave, teaching benefits of later marriage, land reform programme, free contraception, advice, child vaccinations, extra benefits for smaller families.
+: sustainable, well educated, socially developed, low infant mortality, high life expectancy, women become doctors, decrease in births.

Question 26

What is migration and the 2 types of it?

Answer 26

The movement of people. The 2 types are emigration (moving out) and immigration (moving in).

Question 27

What are pro-natalist policies for and can you list the 14 example countries?

Answer 27

Encouraging higher birth rates because of their ageing population at Stage 4 and 5 of DTM.
Examples are Ireland, Norway, Russia, South Korea, Japan, Singapore, Spain, Italy, Sweden, France, Germany, Romania, Poland and UK.

Question 28

What are anti-natalist policies for?

Answer 28

Encouraging lower birth rates because of overpopulation making them at Stage 3 of DTM.

Question 29

Outline France’s Pro-Natalism policy case study.

Answer 29

Introduced in 1939 with 4 policies; 3 years paid leave, school paid by Gov, daycare for under 3’s and earlier retirement with pension for mums.
France had low birth rate due to sexual health awareness, later marriage, state benefits replaced the need for children to care for elders and women getting careers.

Question 30

What is the Accession 8?

Answer 30

The 8 countries that joined the EU in 2004 which are Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Hungary and Czech Republic.

Question 31

What problems does immigration within the UK, especially from Poland, cause?

Answer 31

Migrants get minimum wage, no promotion. All the anti-migrant graffiti attacks on migrants gives UK bad reputation.

Question 32

What benefits does immigration within the UK, especially from Poland, cause?

Answer 32

High contribution to economy, harder workers, some skilled king rants to fill in important jobs and young people to to address ageing pop.

Question 33

Outline the Poland to UK case study.

Answer 33

450 thousand out of 600 thousand are Polish. Pull factors such as job opps, weather, pay, housing etc.
+: UK’s economy is helped, young Poles, women in Poland do men’s job, enthusiastic and willing.
-: Disapproving xenophobic locals, language barrier, stolen jobs, house sharing, mistreatment of Poles, Poland has lack of employers.

Question 34

What are the 2 types of countries called to describe migration?

Answer 34

Source (migrants home) and host (migrants new home).

Question 35

Outline the Lampedusa case study.

Answer 35

North Africa, Island South of Italy. Checkpoint for migrants bc close to Africa but Europe territory –> easier to enter EU.
Forced migration to the EU (3 days to cross) bc of push factors: Famine, drought, war, poverty, heat, corruption, low pay, riots, feeling unwelcome.
Pull factors: Quality of life, rights, pay, safety, healthcare, join family, stable politics.
Impact on host countries: May steal jobs but good when filling in important ones, once enough money gained to send back home they’ll leave and drop and benefit they had to economy etc.