Population and Health Review assignment

Question 1

Global Fertility Crisis

Answer 1

The countries of the world are being forced to change or collapse as the fertility rate of a woman is decreasing due to the woman deciding to have children or not because of the influence of culture

Question 2

One-child policy

Answer 2

The official program the was created in the later 1970’s and the beginning of the 1980’s by the central government of China, which was created to limit the great majority of family units in the country to one child per each family.

Question 3

who created the one child policy

Answer 3

A public letter that was published by the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party to all of the political parties on September 5, 1980.

Question 4

How was the program enforced and were there any exceptions to the one child per family policy?

Answer 4

if your first born child was handicapped then you could have another. There were multiple ways of enforcement such as offer those who did follow the program had more job opportunities and financial encouragements. Those who did’t follow the program or were against it would have things to encourage them to follow the program such as economic reasons or other things, or in some cases the women or very where forced to abort the child or be sterilized(usually women).

Question 5

Explain the three problems and consequences associated with the one child policy and its implementation in China

Answer 5

it caused a rise in the sex ratio it caused the male ratio to rise by 3 to 4%. This is because the male child was preferred (especially the first born) because the first son would inherit the name and all his family owned and have to take care of their elderly parents, so it often lead to the abortion of a female fetus. Another consequence was as the child rate decrease the elderly rate increased which resulted in more elderly than young. This is concerning because they young need to support their elderly but struggle doing so because of less of young there are to support them. Another consequence is that Some of the children that came after the first born most were undocumented and they struggled getting education and a job.

Question 6

According to Malthus, what is the general nature of all animated life?

Answer 6

is that the tendency of all animated life is to increases beyond to nourishment that they have been provided with

Question 7

According to Malthus, what is the most positive check on human population growth that has existed in history?

Answer 7

The most positive human check on the human population growth in history is the difficulty of acquiring food, this is because of the law of our own nature which we need food in order to survive therefore the population can’t decrease below the amount of nourishment that is available.

Question 8

Describe Malthus’ idea of arithmetic growth of food supply vs. geometric growth of human population.

Answer 8

that if the population went unchecked then is would double in 25 years or increasing the geometric ratio would increase, therefore is the geometric ratio or population would increase then the food production would also increase. This says that if the population increases then the production of food supply and production will increase as well

Question 9

Discuss Malthus’ idea of positive and preventive checks on human population. Provide examples of both.

Answer 9

The preventive checks are from ones calculating and reasoning factors which allow him to detect and calculate distinct qualities that cause one to prevent themselves from following the dictates of nature. this is shown commonly on those who have large families and he must decide how to divide up there earnings and what they must change in order to provide. The positive checks are the factors that contribute to shortening a persons natural life span. These checks decrease the population by decreasing through the life of the human and factors that raise the death rate which helps regulate the population. Some examples of the positive checks are the poor nursing of children, war, and diseases.

Question 10

Read the article and do some outside research if necessary and decide whether or not Malthus was right.

Answer 10

No, he was wrong because not just one thing can have such power to by itself to decrease a population and we now know that there are limits to our natural resources so we must conserve them and our population can’t survive if we have too many people to provide for.

Question 11

Population Pyramid

Answer 11

a pair of back-to-back Histograms (for each sex) that displays the distribution of a population in all age groups and in both sexes. The X-axis is used to plot population numbers and the Y-axis lists all age groups. Population Pyramids are ideal for detecting changes or differences in population patterns

Question 12

what are the two fundamental aspects of Japan’s aging crisis?

Answer 12

the increase of the proportion of elderly people in the population. The other aspect is the slower growth of the population which is caused by a low fertility rate

Question 13

By 2030, what percentage of the Japanese population will be elderly dependents (aged 65+)?

Answer 13

In 2030 in Japan one in every three people will be 65 or older in the Japanese population.

Question 14

What is the direct economic impact of Japan’s aging population?

Answer 14

The direct impact on the economic part of the Japanese aging crisis is the reduction in the labor force, this a a major part of product production and as older people retire there aren’t enough young people to fill in the roles that where left unattended.

Question 15

How is the Japanese government attempting to address the labor shortages?

Answer 15

by hoping that females would step in and take up some of the Job opportunities. They also created a law that would allow immigrants who where having job shortages to come and fill in some of the unfilled jobs. They also are attempting to get more couples to have more children by providing free preschool. They are also encouraging more elderly men and women to participate and to work more at a older age.

Question 16

what are the three major elements that separate the world’s “haves” from the “have nots”

Answer 16

the three different elements that separate the “haves” and “have nots” are Guns, germs, and steel.

Question 17

Diamond has developed a theory about what has caused these huge discrepancies among different countries, and he says it boils down to geographic luck. Give several examples from the film to support Diamond’s theory.

Answer 17

the New guinea culture is the most diverse because they aren’t as advanced as other countries but have been able to survive in such harsh conditions. They even wonder why America has so much cargo and New guinea has so few, this is because of cultural inequality. This inequality is caused by their lower economy and the way their culture is and this caused other countries to look down on their country and culture and were forced into the next age which wasn’t healthy for their economy. this is also caused by staying as hunter and gatherers which they didn’t have a consistent food supply and the food that they did supply wasn’t as nutritious as wheat and such.

Question 18

Describe the process used to domesticate crops and create plants that yielded bigger, tastier harvests

Answer 18

The processes that were used to domesticate crops and creating plants that allow them to produce better crops are finding a productive environment that provided enough nutrients and enough supplies to feed their people. The shift from hunting and gathering to farming is when a scarcity occurs and they start growing their food. they also started bringing their food back to their village. This allowed them to improve their crops and grow them closer to them and they where accidentally domesticating these crops and improving them to produce better food.

Question 19

livestock also plays a significant role in a civilization’s ability to become rich and powerful. How did the domestication of animals help people? Give several examples

Answer 19

this helped people by controlling what the animal is eating and how it’s breeding and where it’s going. These animals also provided food, clothes, milk, and fertilizer and these factors helped their population to grow and prosper.

Question 20

List the animals that can be domesticated and where they can be found

Answer 20

goats, sheep, hogs, cows, horses and ox. Europe and Asia had goats sheep cows and buffalo. New guinea had pigs, which are not good for work but are good for food. Asia has elephants and they use them as work animals but it is not common. Majority of the animals that have been domesticated originated in Asia, Europe, and North Africa which gave them a boost in survival because it gave them more animals to domesticate.

Question 21

Looking at the list of animals and locations from question 5, discuss how Diamond’s theory about geographic luck applies here

Answer 21

is where people are positioned and that what items are in their environment that allow them to build a successful country such as wheat where bananas could not supply the population of The United States. This applies to their location is convenient to certain people in different parts of the world, like how people in Asia, Europe, and North Africa are more likely to have more domesticated animals because majority of them originated there.

Question 22

How did the movement of the early civilizations of the Fertile Crescent (Middle East) further support Diamond’s idea that geography played a key role in the success of a civilization?

Answer 22

The area having a flaw because the climate is too high and it’s environment is too fragile to survive in and it became complicated to farm even though it was one of the first places to farm. This caused them to move but this is a good thing because when they moved they prospered and where able to build civilizations. This supports his theory because it says that the certain environments have advantages that allow people to prosper more in one place than another.

Question 23

Do you agree with Jared Diamond when he says of a civilization’s ability to gain power,
wealth, and strength, “…what’s far more important is the hand that people have been dealt, the raw materials they’ve had at their disposal.” Why or why not?

Answer 23

Do you agree with Jared Diamond when he says of a civilization’s ability to gain power,
wealth, and strength, “…what’s far more important is the hand that people have been dealt, the raw materials they’ve had at their disposal.” Why or why not?