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Human Geography > Human Geo. Midterm > Flashcards

Human Geo. Midterm Flashcards

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1
Q

Human geography

A

is the branch of Geography that deals with the study of people and their communities, cultures, economies, and interactions with the environment by studying their relations with and across space and place.

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2
Q

Human geography focuses on:

A

How people make places
How we organize space and society
How we interact with each other
How we make sense of ourselves and others.

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3
Q

map

A

is a scale model of the real world, made small enough to work with on a desk or computer(can be a hasty here’s-how to-get-to-the-party sketch, an elaborate work of art, or a precise)

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4
Q

A map serves two purposes

A

It is a tool for storing reference material and a tool for communicating geographic information… reference tool. A map helps us to find the shortest route between two places and to avoid getting lost along the way(to learn where in the world something is found)…..communications tool, a map is often the best means for depicting the distribution of human activities or physical features, as well as for thinking about reasons underlying a certain characteristic or feature. In this sense, we use maps to tell stories about the world.

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5
Q

Reference and thematic maps

A

the two tools that geographers use to map the world

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6
Q

Reference maps

A

are generally separated into two categories, physical and political

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7
Q

Physical reference maps

A

show us physical features of a place

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8
Q

political reference maps

A

show us boundaries, major cities, and capitals

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9
Q

thematic maps

A

will tell us “stories” about the distribution of certain geographic phenomena around the world

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10
Q

mental map

A

is a person’s point-of-view perception of their area of interaction (can also include areas never heard of before but have been read about or seen on TV)

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11
Q

activity space

A

where a person goes throughout their daily routine

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12
Q

map scale

A

is the ratio of a distance on the map to the corresponding distance on the ground.(concept is complicated by the curvature of the Earth’s surface, which forces scale to vary across a map)

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13
Q

Map scale is presented in three ways

A
  1. Ratio or Fraction Scale: Ex. 1:24,000 or 1/24,000
  2. Written Scale: Ex. 1 inch equals 1 mile
  3. Graphic Scale: Usually consists of a bar line marked to show distance on Earth’s surface
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14
Q

map projection

A

is a transformation of locations from the surface of a sphere into locations on a plane (flat surface)

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15
Q

Maps cannot be created without map projections

A

All map projections necessarily distort the surface in some fashion. (distance, Direct, shape, size)

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16
Q

Geographic grid

A

is a system of imaginary arcs drawn in a grid pattern on Earth’s surface.

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17
Q

Meridians

A

are arcs drawn between the North and South poles

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18
Q

Longitude

A

each meridian is numbered and allows you to find north and south location

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19
Q

prime meridian

A

0º longitude

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20
Q

international date line

A

180 degrees longitude

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21
Q

Parallels

A

are arcs drawn parallel to the equator and at right angles to meridians

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22
Q

latitude

A

system of each parallel is numbered and allows you to find east and west locations

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23
Q

equator

A

0 degrees

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24
Q

latitude values

A

0-90 degrees

25
Q

longitude values

A

0-180 degrees

26
Q

time zone

A

a region of the globe that observes a uniform standard time for legal, commercial, and social purposes.

27
Q

Times zone division

A

Earth as a sphere is divided into 360º of longitude.
–Divide 360º by 24 time zones (one for each hour of day) equals 15º.
-Each 15º band of longitude is assigned to a standard time zone.

28
Q

Greenwich Mean Time (GMT),also called UTC

A

–Located at the prime meridian (0º longitude).
Passes through Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England
–Master reference time for all points on Earth.

29
Q

geographic information system (GIS)

A

is a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present spatial or geographic data used for geographic information science

30
Q

Remote sensing

A

is the acquisition of information about an object or phenomenon without making physical contact with the object and thus in contrast to on-site observation.

31
Q

Global Positioning System (GPS)

A

is a space-based radio navigation system owned by the United States government and operated by the United States Air Force

32
Q

what are the two basic concepts that help geographers explain why every point is different

A

place and region

33
Q

place

A

a point

34
Q

region

A

a area of part defined by one or more distinctive characteristics

35
Q

how do geographers describe a features place on earth

A

by its location

36
Q

location

A

the position that something occupies on earth’s surface

37
Q

what are the four ways to identify location

A

place name, site, situation, and mathematical location

38
Q

toponym

A

is the name given to a place on earth

39
Q

site

A

the physical character of a place (climate, water source, topography)

40
Q

situation

A

is the location of a place relative to other places

41
Q

what are the two reasons situation is valuable to indicate location

A
  1. find unfamiliar place by comparing with familiar places

2. helps us understand importance of location

42
Q

cultural landscape

A

a combination of cultural features such as language and religion, economic features such as agriculture and industry, and physical features such as climate and vegetation.

43
Q

what are the three types of regions

A

formal, vernacular, functional

44
Q

formal region

A

also called a uniform region or a homogeneous region, is an area within which everyone shares in common one or more distinctive characteristics.(boundaries)

45
Q

vernacular region

A

or perceptual region, is a place that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity(believed area such as south)

46
Q

functional region

A

also called a nodal region, is an area organized around a node or focal point (transportation)

47
Q

why is each region on earth distinctive

A

culture

48
Q

culture

A

the body of customary beliefs, material traits, and social forms that together constitute the distinct tradition of a group of people.

49
Q

environmental determinism

A

the physical environment determines the outcome or trajectory of human social development. (he physical environment may limit some human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to their environment.)

50
Q

globalization

A

which is a force or process that involves the entire world and results in making something worldwide in scope (ability of a person, object, or idea to interact with a person, object, or idea in another place.)

51
Q

Diffusion

A

is the process by which a characteristic spreads across space from one place to another over time.

52
Q

hearth

A

the place from which innovation originates

53
Q

what are the two basic types of diffusion

A

relocation and expansion

54
Q

relocation diffusion

A

The spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place to another is termed relocation diffusion.

55
Q

expansion diffusion

A

The spread of a feature from one place to another in a snowballing process is expansion diffusion. This expansion may result from one of three processes:
Hierarchical diffusion, Contagious diffusion, Stimulus diffusion

56
Q

Hierarchical diffusion

A

an idea moving from a larger to a smaller place often with little regard to the distance (often influenced by the social elites)

57
Q

contagious diffusion

A

the spread of a idea through person to person interaction in a population

58
Q

stimulus diffusion

A

is an idea that spreads based on it’s attachment to another idea

Human Geography (5 decks)

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