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Biology pre final exam > Population and community > Flashcards

Population and community Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

the study of the relationships among organisms and the environment

A

ecology

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2
Q

a group of interbreeding organisms of one species occupying a location at the same time

A

population

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3
Q

includes all of the populations, representing multiple species, that interact in a given area

A

community

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4
Q

a community plus it nonliving environment, including air, water, minerals, and fire

A

ecosystem

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5
Q

the physical location where the members of a population normally live

A

habitat

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6
Q

the number of individuals of a species per unit area or unit volume of habitat

A

Population density

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7
Q

widely used technique to estimate animal populations

A

mark-recapture

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8
Q

a chart that shows the probability of surviving to any given age

A

life table

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9
Q

a graph of the proportion of surviving individuals at each age

A

survivorship curve

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10
Q

invest great energy and time into each offspring

A

Type I

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11
Q

provide a great deal of parental care, however, the threats of predation and diseases are constant throughout life

A

Type II

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12
Q

die at a very young age

A

Type III

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13
Q

the series of events in an organism’s life from conception through death

A

life history

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14
Q

individuals tend to reproduce at an early age and have many offspring that receive little care

A

opportunistic life history

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15
Q

individuals tend to produce a small number of offspring that receive extended parental care

A

equilibrium life history

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16
Q

the number of new individuals is proportional to the population’s size

A

exponential growth

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17
Q

which is the maximum number of individuals that the ecosystem can support indefinitely

A

carrying capacity

18
Q

early growth of a population may be exponential, but growth slows and stops as the population approaches the habitat’s carrying capacity

A

logistic growth

19
Q

conditions whose effects increase as the population grows

A

Density-dependent factors

20
Q

exert effects that are unrelated to population density

A

Density-independent factors

21
Q

those that occur among the living species in the community

A

Biotic interactions

22
Q

the total of all the resources a species requires for its survival, growth, and reproduction

A

niche

23
Q

cycle of heating and cooling, rising and falling air

A

convection cell

24
Q

the major types of ecosystems

A

biomes

25
Q

range from the lush tropics to the frozen poles

A

Terrestrial biomes

26
Q

include fresh water and the oceans

A

aquatic biomes

27
Q

relatively dry, with short summer and long, cold winters

A

Taiga (boreal forest)

28
Q

mild winters, cool summers, and abundant rain and fog

A

Temperate rain forest

29
Q

summers are warm, winters are cold

A

Temperate deciduous
forest

30
Q

moderately moist, with hot summer and cold winters

A

Temperate grassland

31
Q

warm and wet year-round

A

Tropical rain forest

32
Q

snow covers the land during the bitterly cold and dark snow

A

Tundra

33
Q

summer are hot and dry, winters are mild and moist

A

Chaparral
(Mediterranean shrubland)

34
Q

dry with less than 20 cm of rainfall per year

A

Desert

35
Q

warm year-round, with distinct wet and dry seasons

A

Tropical Savanna

36
Q

ice caps are extremely cold, dry, and windy year-round

A

Polar ice

37
Q

Light penetrates the regions of lake to different degrees. Rooted plants and phytoplankton thrive along the shore, providing food and shelter for organisms

A

Standing water

38
Q

A river carries water and sediments towards the ocean, providing moisture and habitat to aquatic and terrestrial organisms.

A

Running water (river)

39
Q

cover most Earth’s surface, contain 97% of the planet’s water. Both light and nutrients are abundant in the shallow waters above the continental shelf, supporting high primary productivity and extensive marine food webs

A

Open ocean

40
Q

an area where the freshwater of a river meets the salty ocean. Organisms can withstand extreme nutrients from both the river and the tides

A

Estuary

41
Q

the area between the high tide and low tide marks

A

Intertidal zone

42
Q

border tropical coastlines where the water is clear and sediment-free. These vast underwater structures of calcium carbonate are built by coral animals.

A

Coral reef

Biology pre final exam (2 decks)

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