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Biology pre final exam > Evolution diversity of animals > Flashcards

Evolution diversity of animals Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Animal cells secrete and bind to a nonliving substance called

A

extracellular matrix

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2
Q

a body form in which multiple similar parts are arranged around a central axis

A

Radial symmetry

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3
Q

only one plane can divide the animal into mirror images

A

bilateral symmetry

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4
Q

the tendency to concentrate sensory organs and brain at an animal’s head

A

cephalization

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5
Q

a cup-shaped structure consisting of two or three layers of tissue

A

gastrula

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6
Q

the outer layer where skin and the nervous system develops

A

Ectoderm

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7
Q

the inner layer where become the digestive tract and the organs that derived from it

A

endoderm

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8
Q

forms between the ectoderm and endoderm give rise to muscles, circulatory system, and many specialized structures

A

mesoderm

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9
Q

the gastrula’s first indentation develops into the mouth, and the anus develops from the second opening

A

protostomes

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10
Q

the first indentation becomes the anus, and the mouth develops from the second opening

A

deuterostomes

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11
Q

a fluid-filled body cavity that forms completely within the mesoderm

A

coelom

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12
Q

cavity lined partly with mesoderm and partly with endoderm

A

pseudocoelom

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13
Q

the mouth both takes in food and ejects wastes

A

incomplete digestive tract

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14
Q

secretes enzymes and distributes nutrients to all parts of the animal’s body

A

gastrovascular cavity

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15
Q

food passes in one direction from mouth to anus

A

complete digestive tract

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16
Q

the division of an animal body into repeated parts

A

Segmentation

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17
Q

belong to phylum Porifera, which means “pore-bearers” – an apt description of these simple animals

A

sponges

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18
Q

all share the ability to sting predators and prey. its name from the Greek word for “nettle

A

cnidarians

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19
Q

a stalk holds the tentacles upward

A

polyp

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20
Q

the tentacles dangle downward from the free-swimming belly

A

medusa

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21
Q

cnidarian’s man defense against predators.

A

cnidocytes

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22
Q

includes the flatworms. (Platy means “flat,” like a plate; helminth means “worms.”)

A

Phylum Platyhelminthes

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23
Q

include many familiar animals on land, in fresh water, and in the ocean. comes from the Latin word for “soft,” reflecting the fleshy bodies in this phylum

A

Mollusks

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24
Q

speedy swimmers, change their color and shape to match their background and release “ink”

A

cephalopods

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25
Q

derives from the Latin word annulus (“little ring”), a reference to the segmented bodies of these animals.

A

phylum Annelida

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26
Q

barely visible to the unaided eye, but they are extremely abundant in every habitat

A

roundworms/nematodes

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27
Q

means “jointed foot,” a reference to the most distinctive features of this phylum: their jointed appendages

A

Arthropoda

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28
Q

a rigid outer covering that protects and supports the body.

A

exoskeleton

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29
Q

have grasping, claw-like mouthparts called chelicerae

A

Chelicerates

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30
Q

have chewing, jaw-like mouthparts termed mandibles

A

mandibulates

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31
Q

primitive-looking arthropods whose name refers to the hard, horseshoe-shaped exoskeleton

A

Horseshoe crabs

32
Q

eight-legged arthropods

A

Arachnids

33
Q

Make up a group of terrestrial arthropods like about 13,000 species of millipedes and centipedes. In these animals, the head features mandibles and one pair of antennae

A

Myriapods

34
Q

Their bodies are extremely variable, but all have mandibles and two pairs of antennae.

A

Crustaceans

35
Q

All of these animals have mandibles; one pair of antennae; a body divided into a head, thorax, and abdomen; six legs; and usually two pairs of wings.

A

Insects

36
Q

include some of the most colorful and distinctive sea animals. Their name means “spiny skin.”

A

echinoderm

37
Q

the most interesting of all, at least in part because it contains humans and many of the animals that we eat, keep as pets, and enjoy observing in zoos and in the wild.

A

phylum Chordata

38
Q

a flexible rod that extends along the length of a chordate’s back.

A

Notochord

39
Q

parallel to the notochord. It develops into the spinal cord and enlarges at the head end, forming the brain.

A

Dorsal, hollow nerve chord

40
Q

Slits or pouches form in the pharynx, the muscular tube that begins at the back of the mouth

A

Pharyngeal slits

41
Q

A muscular tail extends past the anus in all chordate embryos

A

Post-anal tail

42
Q

a bony or cartilage-rich case that surrounds and protects the brain

A

cranium

43
Q

a series of small bone or cartilage structures that make up the backbone

A

vertebrae

44
Q

the bones that frame the entrance to the mouth.

A

Jaws

45
Q

organs of respiration

A

lungs

46
Q

vertebrates with two pair of limbs that enable the animals to walk on land

A

Tetrapod

47
Q

contains several membranes the cushion the embryo, provide for gas exchange, and store metabolic wastes

A

Amniotic egg

48
Q

body temperature tends to fluctuate with the environment; these animals lack internal mechanisms that keep their temperature within an narrow range

A

ectotherm

49
Q

maintain they body temperature mostly by using heat generated from their own metabolism

A

Endotherms

50
Q

sessile marine animals that resemble a bag with two siphons

A

Tunicates

51
Q

resemble small, eyeless fishes with translucent bodies. They live in shallow seas, with the tail buried in sediment and the mouth extending to the water

A

Lancelets

52
Q

looks like an eel, cartilage makes up the cranium and supports the tail

A

Hagfish

53
Q

the simplest organisms to have cartilage around the nerve cord

A

Lampreys

54
Q

the most diverse and abundance of the vertebrates, with more than 30,000 known species that vary greatly in size, shape, and color

A

Fishes

55
Q

the most ancient group where their skeletons are made up of cartilage

A

cartilaginous fishes (Chondrichthyes)

56
Q

They have skeleton of bony tissue reinforced with mineral deposits of calcium phosphate

A

bony fishes (Osteichthyes)

57
Q

having fins supported by long rays of bones

A

ray-finned fishes

58
Q

having fleshy paired fins consisting of bone and muscle

A

lobe-finned fishes

59
Q

in Greek for “double-life”, referring to the ability of these tetrapod vertebrates to live in fresh water and on land

A

amphibian

60
Q

a group that includes the smooth-skinned “true frogs” and the watery-skinned toads

A

Frogs

61
Q

have tails and four legs, so they resemble lizards

A

Salamanders

62
Q

resemble giant earthworms. Most species burrow under the soil in tropical rainforests, but a few inhabit shallow freshwater ponds

A

caecilians

63
Q

traditionally referred only to snakes, lizards, crocodiles, and other amniotes with dry, scaly skin

A

Reptiles

64
Q

the only modern animals that have feathers

A

Birds(aves)

65
Q

by far the most familiar vertebrates, not only because we are them but also because we surround ourselves with them

A

Mammals

66
Q

structures that secrete milk in the female

A

mammary glands

67
Q

mammals that lay eggs. milk-secreting pores in the skin

A

monotremes

68
Q

give birth to tiny, immature young about 4-5 weeks after conception. The babies crawl from the mother’s vagina to a pouch, where they suckle milk and continue developing

A

Marsupials

69
Q

the young develop inside the female’s uterus, where a placenta connects the maternal and fetal circulatory systems

A

placental mammals

70
Q

swinging from one arm to another while the body dangles below

A

Brachiation

71
Q

the ability to walk upright on two legs

A

Bipedalism

72
Q

the oldest representative of the hominin lineage

A

Ardipithecus

73
Q

Australopithecus, meaning “Southern ape-man.”

A

Australopiths

74
Q

The name literally means “beside humans

A

Paranthropus

75
Q

considered humans, and fossils in this group are associated with stone tools. tend to have larger bodies and larger brains

A

Homo

Biology pre final exam (2 decks)

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