Population Flashcards
Crude Birth Rate (CBR)
Total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people
Crude Death Rate (CDR)
Total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive
Natural increase rate (NIR)
Percentage by which a population grows in a year
Doubling time
Number of years needed to double a population
Total fertility rate (FTR)
Average number of children a women will have throughout her child-bearing years
Infant mortality rate (IMR)
Annual number of infants under 1 year of age compared to the total number of live births
Life expectancy
The average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live at current mortality levels
Agricultural revolution
Demographic transition after 8000 BC
Time when humans first domesticated plants and animals (no longer relying on hunting and gathering)
Industrial revolution
Demographic transition after 1750
Improvements in industrial technology and transportation
Medical revolution
Demographic transition after 1950
Improvement in medical practice suddenly eliminated many of the traditional causes of death
Zero population growth
Crude Birth Rate = Crude Death Rate
Population pyramid
A graph showing the percentage of population in each 5-year age group
Dependency ratio
Number of people who are either too young or too old to work compared to the number of people in their productive years. Below 15, above 64 years old.
Sex ratio
Number of males per hundred females
Demography
Study of how people are distributed spatially and by population characteristics
Ecumene
Portion of the Earth’s surface occupied by permanent human settlement
Arithmetic density
Total number of objects in an area
Physiologic density
Number of people supported by a unit area of arable land
Agricultural density
Ratio of number of farmers per amount of arable land
Overpopulation
Number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living
Demographic transition
The process of change in a society population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude and death rates, low natural increase, and a higher total population
Epidemiologic transition
Distinctive cause of death in each stage of the demographic transition.
