Industry and services Flashcards
Break-of-bulk point
A location where transfer is possible from one mode of transportation to another.
Bulk-gaining industry
An industry in which the final product weighs more or compromises a greater volume than the imputs.
Bulk-reducing industry
An industry in which the final product weighs less or compromises a lower volume than the inputs
Cottage industry
Manufacturing based in homes rather than a factory, commonly found prior to the industrial revolution
Fordist production
Form of mass production in which each worker is assigned one specific task to perform repeatedly
Industrial revolution
a series of improvements in industrial technology that transforms the process of manufacturing goods
Labor-intensive industry
An industry for which labor costs compromise a high percentage of total expenses
Maquiladora
Factories built by U.S companies in Mexico near the U.S border to take advantage of much lower labor costs in Mexico
New international division of labor
Transfer of types of abs especially those requiring low-paid less skilled workers from more developed countries to less developed countries
Outsourcing
A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility to independent suppliers
Post-Fordist production
Adoption by companies of flexible work rules, such as the distribution of workers to teams that perform a variety of tasks
Right-to-work state
A U.S state that has passed a law preventing a union and company from negotiating a contract that requires workers to join a union as a condition of employment
Site factors
Location factors related to the costs of factors of production inside the plant such as land, labor and capitol
Situation factors
Location factors related to the transportation of materials into and from a factory
Textile
A fabric made by weaving used in making clothes
Basic industries
Industries that sell their products or services primarily to consumers outside of the settlement
Business services
Services that primarily meet the needs of other businesses including professional, financial and transportation services
Central place
A market center for the exchange of services by people
Central place theory
A theory that explains the distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; Larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther
City-state
A sovereign state comprising a city and its immediate hinterland
Clustered rural settlement
A rural settlement in which the houses and farm buildings of each family are situated close to each other and fields surround the settlement
Consumer services
Businesses that provide services primarily to individual consumers including retail services and education, health and leisure services
Dispersed rural settlement
A rural settlement pattern characterized by isolated farms rather than clustered villages.
Economic base
A communitys collection of base industries
Enclosure movement
The process of consolidating small landholdings into a smaller number of larger farms in England during the eighteenth century
Gravity model
A model that holds that the potential use of a service at a particular location is directly related to the number of people in a location and inversely related to the distance people must travel to reach the service
market area or hinterland
The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services
Nonbasic industries
Industries that sell their products to consumers in the community
Primate city
The largest settlement in a country, if it has more than twice as many people as the second ranking settlement.
Primate city rule
A pattern of settlements in a country such that the largest settlement has more than twice as many people as the second ranking settlement
Public services
Services offered by the gov’t to provide security and protection for citizens and businesses
Range of a service
The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service
Rank-size rule
A pattern of settlements in a country such that the nth largest settlement is 1/n the population of the largest settlement
Service
Any activity that fulfills a human need or want and returns money to those who provide it
Settlement
A permanent collection of buildings and inhabitants
threshold
The minimum number of people needed to support the service
Urbanization
An increase in the percentage of the number of people living in urban settlements
