Population Flashcards
diff between
population distribution & population density
pop. distribution - description using words, how spread out or clustered together people are
pop. density - mathematical calculation, no. of people in an area – densely populated or sparsely populated
what factors affect population density
climate - not too hot/cold, or too arid/humid
relief - flat
coastal area - attracts people
access to resources & water
wealthy regions - people tend to leave poor regions
jobs, services, communication, transport - not isolated
clean, safe - not polluted or dangerous
case study
low population density
australia
distribution:
- -most people live in the south-east & south-west coast - 10 to 100 people per km square
- -centre has only about 0 to 0.1 people/km2
reasons:
centre:
- -desert (great sandy desert)
- -low rainfall in centre, temp +50°C
- -water/resources shortage, bad farming
- -physical isolation
north:
–too much vegetation, too wet & hot, difficult access
coast:
- -not as hot
- -altitude makes it cooler
- -water, rivers, resources
- -easy access, resources, rivers, sea
- -“gold coast” attracts tourists - jobs, income, services, transport, communication
why can people nowadays live in the desert? give an ex of a city in the desert
- technology to bring water/resources
- air conditioning
- other cities are getting too crowded
- better transportation allows people to get there
Phoenix, Arizona - fastest growing city in USA
Las Vegas
what is:
fertility (birth rate)
mortality (death rate)
fertility (birth rate) - no. of births per 1000 people per year
mortality (death rate) - no. of deaths per 100 people per year
how do you calculate natural change?
BR - DR
how do you calculate population change?
BR - DR +- net migration
net migration = immigration - emigration
why are birth rates high in LEDCs
children needed for work especially on farms
no access to contraception
lack of education
high infant mortality causes parents to have more kids in case some die
status symbol
women have no power, men decide
why are death rates high in LEDCs
lack of access to clean water
lack of access to sanitation systems
poor medical care
shortage of food, malnutrition, poor diets
diseases: malaria, lack of vaccination, poor health systems
lack of shelter for environmental conditions
difficult/dangerous jobs
high crime rate
why are birth rates low in MEDCs
birth control available
education
children are an economic cost
changing role of women - carriers, later marriage
lifesyle change - people want to travel, buy expensive things
why is death rate rising in some MEDCs
unhealthy diets - heart attacks, obesity, diabetes stressful lifestyles sedentary lifestyles pollution ageing population structure
problems of high birth rate / increasing population
increased pressure on resources - food, water, land
over-crowding - can lead to faster disease spread
population momentum - many kids-> many adults-> even more kids
increase in demand of services, energy, shelter, jobs
problems of low birth rate
shortage of workers
less spending - economic decline
ageing population - dont contributo to economy, retired
old people dominate society - grey vote, more traditional
migrant workers required
problems of again population
need to take care of old people, full time-nursing care
health system demand
don’t work - no taxes being paid
more retirement money needed, but less money available because less people pay taxes
what is the impact HIV/AIDS on population
- mortality increases
- life expectancy decreases
- person gets weak & sick from other diseases
- middle age people die instead of old
- working and parental age range die
- women more likely to be affected
- eldest child becomes head of household
- medical bills are expensive
- pressure on health care resources, overcrowded hospitals
- no factory workers - children employed & don’t attend school
- countries become poorer
