Migration Flashcards
what is migration
movement of people
types of migration
permanent - not returning within 1 year
temporary - seosonal
internal - within a country
international - crossing a border
voluntary - job
forced - war, overpopulation, natural disasters
push factors
make you want to leave
bad climate war/civil war/unrest/dangerous overpopulation disease spread unemployment poverty, poor living conditions, lifestyle, poor services natural disaster
intervening obstacles
things that prevent you from moving
not enough money cultural differences health, age travel permissions (government, visa, passport) distance inertia/family/friends/tradition^
pull factors
things that attract you in another country
good climate job opportunities peace/stability/safety freedom better living conditions health conditions
case study
migration
mexico –> usa (california)
push factors:
- low salaries
- not enough doctors
- poor living conditions
- 720 people per doctor
- 17% unemployment
- GPE almost 4 times lower than USA
intervening obstacles:
- border control
- expensive to travel legally
pull factors:
- higher life expectancy
- better health care
- 340 people per doctor
- better living conditions
- low infant mortality
what is rural-urban migration? why does it happen?
it is the movement of people from the countryside to big cities
people want better living standards which they are able to find in the cities
advantages & disadvantages of rural area
advantage:
- quite, peaceful, no traffic
- less pollution
- space to live, privacy
- not crowded
- you know everyone
- cheap
disadvantage:
- not many entertainment options
- services are usually not so good
- isolated
- worse communication, transport
advantages & disadvantages of urban area
advantage:
- more options, services
- more pollution
- entertainment
- things are close to you
- technology
disadvantage:
- over crowding
- noise, traffic, crime
- pollution
- not much space
what is counter urbanisation? where is it happening & why?
people moving from the city back to the countryside
it is happening in MEDCs because of improvements in transport and communication that allow people to easily go & come back
what is suburbanisation?
growth of suburbs due to decentralisation of population, employment, transport, & services
what is reurbanisation?
people from suburbs & countryside to cities
what is gentrification?
inner city buildings being invaded by higher income groups & redeveloped
what type of people usually migrate?
skilled, childless couples who want to live near their work areas & entertainment
characteristics of rural areas
small pop few/small buildings poor/limited transport/communication few services, e.g. schools, shops low order services, e.g. bakery land use: agriculture, residential jobs community
