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Geography > Population > Flashcards

Population Flashcards

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1
Q

Birth rate

A

Number of live born babies per thousand per year

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2
Q

Death rate

A

Number of people who die per thousand per year

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3
Q

Natural change

A

The balance difference/ between birth and death rate

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4
Q

Annual population change

A

The cumulative change to the size of a population after both natural change and migration

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5
Q

Fertility rate

A

Average number of babies/ children per woman

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6
Q

Longevity

A

Life expectancy of a country is constantly increasing

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7
Q

Migration

A

Movement of people from one place to another

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8
Q

International migration

A

Movement of people across the border

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9
Q

Infant mortality rate

A

The number of babies dying before the age of one per thousand per year

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10
Q

Population density

A

The average amount of people per km^2

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11
Q

How to describe a pattern on a map

A
  • Is it even for uneven.
  • Are they clustered, nucleated, linear, dispersed, isolated.
  • Classify the areas.
  • Identify areas of highest values and lowest values
  • Are there any anomalies
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12
Q

What is gross domestic product per capita

A

The profits made by businesses within a country divided by population of that country

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13
Q

Example of a country in stage one of the demographic transition model

A

The Gambia

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14
Q

Example of stage two in the demographic transition model

A

Botswana

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15
Q

Example of a country in stage three of the demographic transition model

A

India

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16
Q

Example of a country in stage four of the demographic transition model

A

United states of America

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17
Q

Example of a country in stage five of the demographic transition model

A

Japan

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18
Q

What are the strengths of the demographic transition model

A
  • Simple to understand
  • Good model for anyone living in the UK
  • Other developed countries such as Japan and France have followed almost exactly the same demographic pattern
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19
Q

What are the weaknesses of the demographic transition model

A
  • Model is based upon •Western industrial economies
  • The importation of technology such as vaccinations means that death rates can fall much more rapidly than has been observed in Europe
  • Some countries go back stages on the model in real life
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20
Q

How to describe population pyramids

A 
Asymmetrical
Column shape or triangular
Convert sides or concave sides
Wide base or narrow base
Wide top or narrow top
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21
Q

What is population structure

A

It is the age and gender make up of a country

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22
Q

Examples of decreasing birthrate

A

China’s one child policy

Kerala’s family planning

23
Q

Strategies to manage ageing populations

A

Age of retirement has been increased
Encouraging immigration of working age people
Encouraging more women to have children

24
Q

Life expectancy

A

Average number of years a person from a specific country is expected to live

25
Q

Case study: youthful populated country

A

Uganda

26
Q

What stage Uganda in?

A

Stage 2 of the DMT

27
Q

General age of Uganda’s population?

A

15 years old

28
Q

Ways to reduce birth rate

A
  • Availability of contraception
  • Reduce infant mortality rates by having better health care
  • Family planning
  • Educating more women
29
Q

Problems with increasing population

A
  • Less land per person, greater density of people, poorer living conditions
  • Famine
  • Water shortages
  • Greater demands for energy
30
Q

Managing an ageing population

A
  • Age of retirement increased
  • Encouraging immigration of working-age people
  • Encouraging more women to have children
31
Q

What is social welfare?

A

The well-being of the entire society by the quality of life.

Factors include : environment, health, crime, educational levels, social services,leisure services, religious aspects.

32
Q

Case study: ageing population country

A

The U.K.

33
Q

What percentage of the UKs population was over 65 in 2005?

A

16%

34
Q

Life expectancy increase between 1980 and 2006 for females?

A

2.8 years

35
Q

Life expectancy increase between 1980 and 2006 for men?

A

4 years

36
Q

Baby boom in 1940s and 60s…..

A

…means these generations are starting to retire, increasing the number of elderly.

37
Q

The proportion of older people in the uk is…..

A

…greater as there are fewer young people with falling birth rate.

38
Q

Problems for UKs ageing population…

A

-Pressure on pension system- 60% of population are paying taxes for pensions
-By 2030 56% of population will be of working age supporting 27% of the retired
-Many elderly live in poverty
Pressure on health service as people over 75 stay 13 nights in the hospital.

39
Q

Strategies to manage ageing population

A
  • Retirement age will increase to 68 for everyone by 2050
  • Encouraging immigration of working-age from EU
  • Encourage women to have more children by introducing working family tax credits to support parents when they go back to work and have maternity leave
40
Q

Uganda issues with youthful population

A
  • Pressure on health service- 6000 women die every year from childbirth and fatal HIV
  • Unemployment could get worse- 3.2% in 2003 were unemployed yet this was accounting the 50% population under 15. Won’t be enoug jobs in future for them
41
Q

Strategies put in place in Uganda

A
  • Free Contraceptives found at family planning clinics- less than 25% of married woman use it
  • ABC approach (abstain sex till marriage, be faithful, condoms) HIV infections fell by 15% in 1991 to 5% in 2001
42
Q

Factors affecting population change

A

Urbanisation
Agriculture change
Education
Emancipation of women

43
Q

How successful was China’s one child policy?

A

Reduced population growth of 1.3 billion by as much as 300 million over 20 years

44
Q

How many women in Kerala are literate?

A

85%

45
Q

Infant mortality rate in Kerala?

A

1930- 210 deaths per 1000

Today- 14 deaths per 1000

46
Q

Gender imbalance in China

A

114 males to 100 females

47
Q

Percentage of minority ethnic groups in Canning Town?

A

39%

48
Q

Age structure of Canning Town

A

Young

49
Q

Life expectancy of Canning Town

A

Is 9 years lower than average

50
Q

Percentage of people in full time work in Canning Town

A

37.6%

51
Q

CATCH project in Canning Town have spent…

A

£3.7 billion to improve the area

52
Q

How many homes have replaced the old high-rise towers?

A

10,000

53
Q

Age in Blockely

A

Old

Geography (7 decks)

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