Population Flashcards
Birth rate
Number of live born babies per thousand per year
Death rate
Number of people who die per thousand per year
Natural change
The balance difference/ between birth and death rate
Annual population change
The cumulative change to the size of a population after both natural change and migration
Fertility rate
Average number of babies/ children per woman
Longevity
Life expectancy of a country is constantly increasing
Migration
Movement of people from one place to another
International migration
Movement of people across the border
Infant mortality rate
The number of babies dying before the age of one per thousand per year
Population density
The average amount of people per km^2
How to describe a pattern on a map
- Is it even for uneven.
- Are they clustered, nucleated, linear, dispersed, isolated.
- Classify the areas.
- Identify areas of highest values and lowest values
- Are there any anomalies
What is gross domestic product per capita
The profits made by businesses within a country divided by population of that country
Example of a country in stage one of the demographic transition model
The Gambia
Example of stage two in the demographic transition model
Botswana
Example of a country in stage three of the demographic transition model
India
Example of a country in stage four of the demographic transition model
United states of America
Example of a country in stage five of the demographic transition model
Japan
What are the strengths of the demographic transition model
- Simple to understand
- Good model for anyone living in the UK
- Other developed countries such as Japan and France have followed almost exactly the same demographic pattern
What are the weaknesses of the demographic transition model
- Model is based upon •Western industrial economies
- The importation of technology such as vaccinations means that death rates can fall much more rapidly than has been observed in Europe
- Some countries go back stages on the model in real life
How to describe population pyramids
Asymmetrical Column shape or triangular Convert sides or concave sides Wide base or narrow base Wide top or narrow top
What is population structure
It is the age and gender make up of a country
Examples of decreasing birthrate
China’s one child policy
Kerala’s family planning
Strategies to manage ageing populations
Age of retirement has been increased
Encouraging immigration of working age people
Encouraging more women to have children
Life expectancy
Average number of years a person from a specific country is expected to live
Case study: youthful populated country
Uganda
What stage Uganda in?
Stage 2 of the DMT
General age of Uganda’s population?
15 years old
Ways to reduce birth rate
- Availability of contraception
- Reduce infant mortality rates by having better health care
- Family planning
- Educating more women
Problems with increasing population
- Less land per person, greater density of people, poorer living conditions
- Famine
- Water shortages
- Greater demands for energy
Managing an ageing population
- Age of retirement increased
- Encouraging immigration of working-age people
- Encouraging more women to have children
What is social welfare?
The well-being of the entire society by the quality of life.
Factors include : environment, health, crime, educational levels, social services,leisure services, religious aspects.
Case study: ageing population country
The U.K.
What percentage of the UKs population was over 65 in 2005?
16%
Life expectancy increase between 1980 and 2006 for females?
2.8 years
Life expectancy increase between 1980 and 2006 for men?
4 years
Baby boom in 1940s and 60s…..
…means these generations are starting to retire, increasing the number of elderly.
The proportion of older people in the uk is…..
…greater as there are fewer young people with falling birth rate.
Problems for UKs ageing population…
-Pressure on pension system- 60% of population are paying taxes for pensions
-By 2030 56% of population will be of working age supporting 27% of the retired
-Many elderly live in poverty
Pressure on health service as people over 75 stay 13 nights in the hospital.
Strategies to manage ageing population
- Retirement age will increase to 68 for everyone by 2050
- Encouraging immigration of working-age from EU
- Encourage women to have more children by introducing working family tax credits to support parents when they go back to work and have maternity leave
Uganda issues with youthful population
- Pressure on health service- 6000 women die every year from childbirth and fatal HIV
- Unemployment could get worse- 3.2% in 2003 were unemployed yet this was accounting the 50% population under 15. Won’t be enoug jobs in future for them
Strategies put in place in Uganda
- Free Contraceptives found at family planning clinics- less than 25% of married woman use it
- ABC approach (abstain sex till marriage, be faithful, condoms) HIV infections fell by 15% in 1991 to 5% in 2001
Factors affecting population change
Urbanisation
Agriculture change
Education
Emancipation of women
How successful was China’s one child policy?
Reduced population growth of 1.3 billion by as much as 300 million over 20 years
How many women in Kerala are literate?
85%
Infant mortality rate in Kerala?
1930- 210 deaths per 1000
Today- 14 deaths per 1000
Gender imbalance in China
114 males to 100 females
Percentage of minority ethnic groups in Canning Town?
39%
Age structure of Canning Town
Young
Life expectancy of Canning Town
Is 9 years lower than average
Percentage of people in full time work in Canning Town
37.6%
CATCH project in Canning Town have spent…
£3.7 billion to improve the area
How many homes have replaced the old high-rise towers?
10,000
Age in Blockely
Old
