Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Geography Human Exam > Population > Flashcards

Population Flashcards

1
Q

Define population

A

The amount of people in a defined area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is population distribution

A

How a population is spread globally or regionally; the pattern of where people live.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is population density.

A

The measurement of population per unit area (per km squared)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Factors affecting population density

A
  • Job availability
  • Soils (fertility levels)
  • Hazards; floods, earthquakes
  • Environment; mountainous areas, deserts
  • Transport
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the natural increase formula

A

Birth rates - death rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Factors that affect population distribution

A
  • Environment
  • Relief of land
  • Availability of water
  • Climate
  • What natural resources are available
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Natural increase

A

When birth rates exceed death rates.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Factors affecting fertility

A
  • Tradition
  • Education
  • Religion
  • Age structure
  • Economics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Factors affecting mortality

A
  • Poverty
  • Medical infrastructure
  • Ageing population
  • Non-communicable diseases
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the fertility rate

A
  • Average number of children a woman has during her lifetime.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is infant mortality rate

A

Number of children under the age of 1 who die per 1000 live births per year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the dependency ratio

A

It shows the relationship between people of working age, and those who are dependents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Limitations of the dependency ratio

A

It does not consider full time education up to 19, longer working age, unemployment of the economically active.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What factors can be used as indicators of a populations development

A
  • health
  • mortality
  • morbidity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How can mortality be measured

A

Numerically by mortality rate (number of deaths over time)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How can morbidity be measured

A

By disease incidence or prevalence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where are crude death rates highest in the global general pattern

A

All but Northern Africa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What can morbidity rates be used to show

A
  • the severity of a disease in a particular country
  • a reflection of the general health of the population
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What category of countries are non-communicable diseases higher

A

HICs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What category of countries are infectious/biologically transmitted diseases prevalent

A

LICs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

True or false: mortality rates are lower than morbidity rates

A

True: people can usually be treated

22
Q

Why are fertility rates lower in HICs than LICs

A
  • less need for a larger family
  • access to contraception
23
Q

What does a high dependency ratio indicate

A

That there is a high proportion of dependants in the population compared to the economically active as well as more pressure on the working population

24
Q

How can elderly populations cause issues

A
  • more welfare spending (pensions/other benefits)
  • more pressure and spending on the NHS
  • higher demand for healthcare/social professionals leading to extra pressure on those resources where there is not enough labour available
  • lower proportion of people in work leading to lower tax revenues
25
How do youthful populations cause issues
- government expenditures into education, childcare, healthcare; less people putting money into the government through taxes - larger workforce required to support need of youth puts pressure on these services - if fertility rates do not replace the population, eventually there will be a larger elderly population
26
What are major demographic variables in a population
- age - sex
27
What does a typical LIC population pyramid look like
- wide base - reflects high fertility rates - indicates high infant mortality rates - high dependency ratios
28
29
What does a typical HIC population pyramid look like
- higher proportion of elderly dependants reducing morbidity - large proportion of economically active people - may be an ageing population causing high proportion of elderly dependents
30
What does the DTM represent
- the trends of natural population change
31
What stages of the DTM indicate the country is less developed
Lower stages
32
What is included of stage 1 in the DTM
- height fluctuations of birth & death rates due to high levels of disease, pestilence, famine - birth control is non-existent = high birth rates - population is constant and low since br dont exceed dr - population is dependent on food = limits to food supply affects population - mostly tribal communities, very few countries
33
What is included in stage 2 of the DTM
- characterised by a fall in death rates; due to major societal developments (Agricultural Revolution) - advancements in healthcare, hygiene & general living standards lower incidents of disease = less deaths - increased food security = less famine - birth rates remain high leading to a rapid increase in population - e.g Angola, sub-Saharan countires
34
What is included in stage 3 of the DTM
- birth rates begin to fall due to further societal developments; smaller concerns with health in food but instead cultural and social changes: - contraception - education; higher literacy rates -reduced need for larger families; shift in industry
35
What is included in stage 4 of the DTM
- low br & dr; slow population growth - UK
36
What is included in stage 5 of the DTM
- br fall below dr = population decline - Germany
37
Advantages of the DTM
- easy to understand - allows for comparisons - flexible time scales
38
Disadvantages of DTM
- ignores regional time differences within country - does not consider migration, government policies, war/natural disasters - diseases (HIV/AIDS) can put model in reverse
39
Causes of youthful populations
- high br (lack of family planning & contraception) - migration
40
Advantages of youthful populations
- lower dr; higher demand in the country - large future market - well educated population
41
Solutions to youthful populations
- remove child benefits - anti-natalist policies - privatised education / healthcare - greater care of old dependents to reduce death rate in elderly
42
What does Malthus theory state
- that food supply increase arithmetically while population increases geometrically - population increase causes increased food demand so less food per person - increased mortality and decreased fertility so population decreases
43
What does Boserup theory state
- that population increase caused an increased food demand and then a technology improvement in response allowing population growth to remain unchecked
44
What is overpopulation
- where available resources are unable to support the population
45
What is underpopulation
- occurs when there are too few people to use all the available resources
46
What is optimum population
- the ideal number of people for the amount of resources
47
Causes of an ageing population
- good medical care, diet, sanitation, water supply, hygiene - increasing cost of children
48
Advantages of an ageing population
- valuable experience and expertise - lower crime rates; less police needed - less money spent on schools
49
Solutions to an ageing population
- pro-natalist policies - increased retirement age - increased taxes - private pensions / healthcare
50
What is food security

Geography Human Exam (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions