population Flashcards
Discuss the problems of collecting population data in developing countries (12 marks)
Census is expensive, ethiopia wouldnt be able to afford to send one out
The population size of a country, by the time everyone is reached some data will be outdated
The country size makes it difficult because of the large area that need to be reached
Mountainous inaccessible regions, in afghanistan or countries with rainforests postal services cant reach everywhere and everyone
High rates of homelessness, no address for a census to be sent to, meaning that they arent accounted for
Social/religious factors might mean that people lie on their form such as the amount of children they have due to rules in places
High levels of illiterate people means that people may not fill it in or even might fill in it incorrectly making results inaccurate
Countries with many languages have to translate forms or send out multiple
People that are constantly moving may be counted twice or not at all
Discuss the methods used by a government to collect population data (8 marks)
The census is a mandatory form of collecting data that is conducted every 10 years
It collects information like date of birt, education, martial status, health and religion
The scottish household is sent out every 4 years to a random sample of people living in scotland and is voluntary
It collects data about characteristics, behavuour, attitudes and composition of households
Civil registration of births and deaths are mandatory
Consequences of an ageing population
Increased taxes due to government needing more money for pensions
Age of retirement is raised to keep people working to avoid paying out pensions
Extra resources needed to help elderly like medical treatment, nursing homes
Unemployment in services catering for children like schools, nurseries are less needed so people will lose their jobs
Fewer young people could lead to a lack of future workforce
Government may have to rely on migrant workers to fill jobs
Government funding may be diverted away from young people towards the elderly
Personal pension contributions may incrrease
Greater demand for orthopaedic surgeons for knee or hip replacements
Generational tensions may increase between millenials and boomers
Political views are affected which may change voting behaviours
Collapse of public services like NHS
Consequences of growing population
Widespread poverty and lack of services eg healthcare and education
Overall low standard of living due to strain put on the countrys resources due to increasing population
High levels of unemployment due to too many people for the jobs available
Self perpetuating as with so many young people birth rates will continue to rise
Lack of basic facilities like sewage systems, electricity and clean water supply, causes spread of disease
Overpopulation will occur as the birth rate exceeds the death rate and population grows quickly
Lack of sufficient food to meet demand due to the inability of the country to provide food for its growing population
Inadequate housing for the population, particularly in cities with vast numbers of people forced to live in make shift shanty towns
Explain the push and pull factors for this migration (8 marks)
Push
Loss of farm land through land reform and population pressure
Merchanisation leading to agricultural job losses
Low wages from agricultural employment
Low standard of living
Poor sanitation, water supply and rural infrastructure
Poor rural services eg healthcare and education
Drought leading to crop loss
Decreasing productivity of agricultural land
Pull
Job opportunities in manufacturing and services sector
Better education
Better healthcare, doctors and hospitals
Higher wages
Extended family already moved to the city
Possibility of better housing, sanitation and standard of living
Access to amenities, shops and entertainment
Explain the impact of forced migration on either the donor country or receiving country (8 marks)
Donor country
Birth rate decreases as young men migrate
Underemployment and unemployment rate will fall
Migrant workers who return may bring back skills they have learnt
The economically active and skilled people who could help the country develop may leave fr better pay called brain drain
Receiving country
Migrants are cheap source of labour that will work below minimum wage
