Population Flashcards
stage one of DTM?
pre industrial
high CBR, high CDR, low NRI
no countries in this stage (tribes, maybe, countries, no)
hunters and gatherers type shi
stage two of DTM?
industrial revolution and medical revolution cause this
after 1950 many vaccines and other medicines spread across the world. however, people still believed they needed to have 8-10 children. so, high CBR, declining CDR, high NIR. population boom!
cultural lag is when a culture takes time to catch up with technological innovations. this is what happens.
stage three of DTM?
urbanisation
no more cultural lag, people expect more children to live so CBR declines, and CDR continues to decline. there is still increase, but a more moderate increase, NRI declines. NRI is moderate instead of high.
economic changes make it harder to support a large family; in farms many people required to help in farm, but in city it is expensive to have many kids and the kids won’t even be a lot of help to the family; less advantageous aspects to life.
improved medicine lowers IMR.
stage four of DTM?
low/no growth
as urbanization continues, women get more opportunities in society; women are empowered. they are seen less as “baby makers” and are allowed to participate in society and get jobs and have a career - so they will have less children (low CBR)
so now CBR and CDR are like equal like in stage 1, except the overall population is high. in terms of NIR and growth, however, stage four is the same as the first.
stage five of DTM?
CBR remains low, CDR starts to increase
birth rate less than death rate - causes aging population like japan and russia (negative NIR).
deaths may go up due to poverty, overpopulation, new diseases etc.
govt plays more active role in population control by promoting family planning or putting laws in place - example: china one child, and now two child policy.
pro-natalist policies
policies made by governments to increase the birth rate
anti-natalist policies
policies made by governments to decrease the birth rate
