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Geography year 8 > Population > Flashcards

Population Flashcards

1
Q

What is the population of the earth 2024?

A

8.1 billion

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2
Q

What country has the largest population?

A

India

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3
Q

What country is the most densely populated?

A

Monaco

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4
Q

What country is the least dense?

A

Greenland

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5
Q

What city has the largest population

A

Tokyo

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6
Q

What is population distribution?

A

Compares which areas of the world are sparsely or densely populated

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7
Q

What is population density?

A

The number of people per km2

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8
Q

What does densely populated mean?

A

A higher number of people per km2

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9
Q

What does sparsely populated mean?

A

A fewer number of people per km2.

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10
Q

5 reasons for densely populated countries

A

Water supply, availability for jobs, temperate climate, costal location for trade and natural resources

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11
Q

5 reasons for sparsely populated areas

A

Natural disasters, poor education, unbalanced age proportion, landlocked and crime/war

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12
Q

Birth rate definition

A

The number of babies born per 1000 people per year

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13
Q

Death rate definition

A

The number of people who die per 1000 people per year

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14
Q

Population growth rate/ Natural increase definition

A

The difference between the birth rate and death rate when the birth rate is higher

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15
Q

Ageing population definition

A

The population has an increase in the number of elder people

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16
Q

Youthful population definition

A

Hugh proportion of young people die to high birth rates and a decrease in infant mortality

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17
Q

Fertility rate definition

A

The number of live births per 1000 women of a child bearing age (15-44)

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18
Q

What is the name of the model that shows the stages of development in countries?

A

The demographic transition model

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19
Q

What does LIC/ HIC stand for

A

Low income countries / high income countries

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20
Q

Are birth rates higher in more or less developed countries

A

Higher in less developed countries and lower in more developed countries

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21
Q

Why are birth rates lower in developed countries

A

Education, family planning and contraception. Women also are choosing to pursue a career instead of being a housewife so have children later in their life. It is also expensive to raise a child, as well as paying for essentials such as electricity, petrol and technology, so women are choosing to have fewer children to give them a better quality of life.

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22
Q

Why are birth and death rates higher in lower income countries

A

Culture and that the more children they have, the more they can work and earn money and lack of family planning. The infant mortality rate is also high meaning the parents will want to replace the child with another child to reach the desired family size, influenced by culture. Women also don’t get great education so they won’t know about contraception and family planning. The death rate is higher because of a poor diet and limited access to healthcare.

23
Q

What is discrete data?

A

Separate categories ( bar/ pie chart)

24
Q

What is continuous data?

A

Linked data ( over time or space)

25
Migration definition
Moving from one place, their origin, to another, the destination, to live and/or work. It is a permanent move
26
Refugee definition
Someone who flees their own country because there is a threat to their life or freedom (war, persecution and natural disasters)
27
Asylum seeker definition
Someone who seeks safety and refuge in another country
28
What is a push factor
A reasons for a migrant to leave their place of origin
29
What to look for when analysing data
Pattern/ distribution, quantity and anomaly
30
What is a pull factor
A reason for a migrant to move to a destination
31
Name 11 pull factors
Similar language, safety, similar culture, low crime rate, more jobs, better education, better healthcare, government supporting immigration because there is an ageing population with little youth, being a richer country and family members in other countries
32
Name 11 push factors
War, illness, income, no family, high crime rate, natural disasters, corrupt government, lack of freedom/rights, lack of jobs, overpopulation and being a poor country
33
Name 6 intervening obstacles for migration
Physical features (mountains, oceans, deserts), no accommodation, not enough food and drinks for the trip, lack of money, closed borders/permits/visas, and young children/ elderly family
34
What is overpopulation
When the population size exceeds the available resources (eg. food and water) in a given country or area
35
What is the carrying capacity
Number of people (population density)a given area can accommodate with the space and resources available
36
Name consequences of overpopulation
Food insecurity, malnutrition, starvation, homelessness/ growth of slums, spread of diseases(especially water-borne) / lack of healthcare, lack of education-> fewer qualified workers -> less investment -> unemployment, protests and civil war
37
Summarise the one child policy
In 1978, China established the one child policy which meant every family could only have one child. Rules were more strict in urban areas compared to rural. Punishments for more then one child would be having the child aborted, woman sterilised and all children after the first would go unreported so they can’t go abroad or get a job. It stopped 1st Jan 2016 because there were not enough working class people. It was partially successful as there were less homeless people and better education but it was more damaging.
38
How significant is less working class citizens and an ageing population on the one child policy
There would not be enough people to support the elderly population and it would affect pensions as more people are retiring and less tax is being paid. Teachers or youth related jobs could lose their job as there are less children.
39
How did India lower its population
India is a democratic country so it has to keep its people happy. They educated women in careers and family planning so they focused on careers resulting in less time for children
40
Why do more developed countries have a lower birth rate and higher life expectancy
Lower birth rate -Access to contraception -People recognise how expensive it is to raise children so having fewer gives the child a better quality of life - More women are focusing on a career so having fewer children at an older age High life expectancy -Access to healthy food so less people dying of malnutrition -Clean water supply so less having deadly diseases -Advanced healthcare/ education so patients with diseases can be treated and live
41
Why do less developed countries have a high birth rate and high death rate
High birth rate -Wanting children so they can work in the agriculture/ provide for the family -Lack of contraception - High death rate -Not able to spend money on healthcare/ education so people die of sickness since they can’t afford the healthcare or the healthcare isn’t advanced enough because of the poor education, where people are illiterate and unemployed -Wars and natural disasters -Infant mortality rate is high since more children die from diseases in their first year
42
What are the emerging countries now
Brazil, India, Russia, South Africa and China
43
What abbreviation is used to measure a country’s wealth and how does it work
GDP (Gross Domestic Product). It is the total value of goods and services produced in a country per year.
44
What is a criticism of GDP
It doesn’t show what the government is spending the money on and the inequality
45
What does HDI stand for
Human Development Index
46
What does HDI consist of
The life expectancy, educational level and income of the people in a country
47
What is the score range for HDI
0 is lowest and 1 is highest
48
What country has the highest HDI
Switzerland
49
What is natural decrease
The difference between the birth and death rate when the death rate is higher than the birth rate
50
What does uneven development lead to
Differences in health, income, environmental pollution and international migration
51
What physical factors cause uneven development
Landlocked countries (unable to trade), extreme climate (hard to grow crops and support a large population), lack of natural resources (nothing to trade/ sell), infertile/ vulnerable to flooding land (can’t grow crops and feed people so they die of starvation) and natural hazards (wasting money on rebuilding places, instead of developing)
52
Which historic factors cause uneven development
Conflict/ wars and colonisation
53

Geography year 8 (4 decks)

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