Population 1- Population Change Flashcards
Causes of population growth
Health, education, social provision, cultural factors, political factors, environmental factors
Birth rate
The number of live births per 1,000 people per year in a country
Death rate
The number of deaths per 1,000 people per year in a country
Fertility rate
The number of live births per 1,000 women of reproductive age per year in a country
Total fertility rate
The average number of children a woman in a population has in her lifetime
Life expectancy
The number of years that a person can expect to live
Longevity
The increase in life expectancy over a period of time
Natural change
The difference between birth rates and death rates
Infant mortality rate
The number of deaths of children under the age of 1, per 1,000 live births per year
High infant mortality rate
Suggests poor healthcare, limited vaccinations, poor access to clean water and appropriate food types, natural disasters
HIV/AIDS may distort the data (not reflective of living conditions)
Pros and cons of vital indicators
Advantages: comparisons, level of development/living conditions
Disadvantages: only consider individual measures, variation within a country, population density not indicative
Composite indicators
Considers re than one indicator; combine the data on a range of measures
E.g. Human Development Index
High fertility rate
Suggests need for labour, low female literacy, limited access to contraception, cultural traditions, youthful population
A census
A national survey on employment, ethnicity, education and housing
Benefits for government: helps planning & predicts changes
Uses of a census
Target marketing campaigns, stock supplies in shops, insurance companies can make accurate risk assessments
