Food 2- Global Patterns

Question 1

Farming as a system

Answer 1

Inputs, decision making, outputs, negative & positive feedback

Question 2

Inputs

Answer 2

Physical- temperature, precipitation, gradient, altitude, soils
Cultural- tenure, inheritance, farm size
Economic- transport, capital, technology

Question 3

Outputs

Answer 3

Animals, crops, waste, pollution
Income = costs: stability
Income > costs: profits (reinvestment)
Income

Question 4

LEDC growth in production

Answer 4

Higher population growth rates, increasing GDP, greater responsiveness of demand
LEDCs account for 67% (50% in 1990)
E.g China and Brazil

Question 5

Diet in Developing countries

Answer 5

Tubers, roots and cereals

Leads to malnutrition (poorly balanced diet)

Question 6

Diet in Developed countries

Answer 6

More livestock products, vegetable oils, fish and dairy

Causes health problems like obesity, high blood pressure and cardiovascular diseases

Question 7

Agriculture

Answer 7

The production of food, animal feed, fibre, field and other goods by the systematic growing of plants and breeding and raising of animals

Question 8

Undernutrition

Answer 8

Below the minimum level of dietary energy consumption (2250 kcal)

Question 9

Fair trade

Answer 9

Agricultural products sold to companies in developed countries at a rate above the market price, to provide a better standard of living for farmers
E.g. Bananas, coffee, nuts, orange juice, tea and wine

Question 10

Geopolitics

Answer 10

The way geography, democracy, economics and the distribution of resources interrelate with the politics of nations and the relationships between countries
Two themes: free trade and food security

Question 11

Free trade

Answer 11

Each commodity concentrated in the areas where it has the greatest cost advantages, without subsidies and tariffs
Best climate, low labour costs, efficient transport

Question 12

Food security

Answer 12

Exists when all people, at all times, have access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs for an active and healthy life

Question 13

Millennium goals

Answer 13

Poverty, universal education, gender equality, child mortality, maternal health, HIV/AIDS & malaria, environmental sustainability and global partnership

Question 14

Strategies to achieve Millennium goals

Answer 14

Increase aid & debt relief and reduce subsidies in MEDCs

Invest in: rural road construction, education, clean water provision, agricultural research and irrigation

Question 15

Food aid

Answer 15

Bilateral food aid is ‘tied’ (a political tool)
‘Dumping’ surplus produce undercuts the market
NGOs develop communities in the long term

Question 16

Pattern of food production

Answer 16

Globalisation, air miles, non-seasonal food stuffs

Question 17

Trade for MEDCs

Answer 17

Import cheap, raw materials and process it to export expensive manufactured goods
Strong trade agreements, pressure/exploit LEDCs, large carbon footprint

Question 18

Trade for LEDCs

Answer 18

Cheap exports, trade deficit, primary goods only, pollution, mining, deforestation, over-cultivation/grazing

Question 19

The World Trade Organisation

Answer 19

Polices free trade agreements, settles disputes, removes tariffs and barriers

Question 20

Problems for LEDCs with 1/2 goods

Answer 20

Prices fall, market undercut, crop fails, raw material runs out, demand falls