Popular Culture Flashcards
1
Q
When was the Menzies Era?
A
1949-66
2
Q
What is a baby boomer?
A
- post war
- parents went through WWI, WWII, Great Depression
- first group marketed towards as teenagers
3
Q
What was the Australian Dream?
A
- to own a home
- by 1960 70% owned their own home
- young family could save a 10% deposit in 2 years - cheap
4
Q
What is a nuclear family?
A
family with mother, father, children
5
Q
When were housewives marketed towards?
A
- 50s
- mod cons - modern conveniences (ovens, fridges, etc.)
6
Q
What did people do for leisure during the Menzies era?
A
- cleaning & polishing cars
- going to the beach
7
Q
What were popular sports in the 50s?
A
- Aus won Davis cup 8 times (tennis)
- tennis & swimming were most popular
8
Q
What is counter culture?
A
a way of life opposed to the social norm
9
Q
Why were The Beatles significant?
A
- led counter culture
- had “girls hair”
- hippy
- everyone wanted to copy them
10
Q
What were major movements in feminism?
A
- contraceptive pill 1961 - women had control over their fertility & pregnancy
- Germaine Greer’s ‘Female Eunuch’ 1970 - voice for world feminism, female castration from society
- Helen Reddy’s ‘I am Woman’ 1971
11
Q
What were some major hippie events?
A
- Summer of Love San Fran - young people protesting Vietnam War
- ‘Hair’ musical - first nudity on stage in Aus, actors arrested
- Aquarius festival - 10,000 attend in Nimbin, lots of nudity
12
Q
What were popular drugs in the late 60s?
A
Marijuana and LSD among hippies
13
Q
What is cultural cringe?
A
the dismission of ones own culture as inferior to others
14
Q
What is globalisation?
A
global interconnection by trade & culture exchange
15
Q
What is cultural homogenisation?
A
the erosion of cultural beliefs, traditons, languages and identity into one culture
16
Q
What did Arthur Phillips say about cultural cringe?
A
there was always the “assumption that the domestic product will be worse than the imported article”
17
Q
When was TV introduced to Aus?
A
1956 during Melb Olympics
18
Q
When was FM radio and colour TV introduced to Aus?
A
1975
19
Q
When was the start of the internet?
A
1991
20
Q
What impact did TV have on radio?
A
- new FM radio with better sound for music
- FM music catered to specific audiences
- radio less popular
- ABC broadcasted Federal Parliament
- some AM stations took calls from viewers
21
Q
How did technology affect sport in Australia?
A
- could now broadcast sporting events
- colour TV changed uniforms to brighter colours to be more appealing
- matches were now either one day or one night
- NRL anf AFL formed
22
Q
What was the mainstream fashion for women in the Menzies era?
A
- influenced by Christian Dior 1948
- small waist
- mid-length skirt
- pointed bust
- rounded shoulders
- formal & modest
23
Q
What was the mainstream fashion for men in the Menzies era?
A
- Ivy league style
- woolen suit jacket & pants
- sweater/vest
- tie (sometimes)
- formal
24
Q
What were subcultures/counter culture fashions in the Menzies era?
A
- Bodgies & widgies - inspired by Elvis & James Dean, slicked back hair, t-shirt, jacket, slim jeans
- Swinging London - Mary Quant created mini skirt/dress, birght colours
25
Who popularised the Swingin London fashion in Australia and how?
* Jean Shrimpton
* 1965
* Wore mini dress with no hat, gloves or pants to Melb Derby Day
26
What were subcultures/counter cultures in the 70s?
* Hippies - long hair, non-Western clothing, drugs, sex, loving freely, against war
* Sharpies - gangs formed as a reaction to Aus conservatism, attention to style & details in outfits, violence, bullying
* Punks - anarchist, anti-gov, anti-establishment
27
What were mainstream fashions in the 80s?
* New Romantic Vivienne Westwood - corsets, flowing items, slightly gothic, formal yet loose
* Power dressing for women - padded blazers for square look
* Sportswear - Olivia Newton John
* Nicole Kidman - fashion icon
* Icehouse band - fashion influencers
28
What was an 80s fashion subculture?
Goths - Nick Cave, The Birthday Party (band)
29
What has mainstream fashion been from the 90s-today?
Calvin Klein - Kate Moss, Johnny Depp, Travis Fimmel, Margot Robbie
30
What are some fashion subcultures from the 90s-today?
* Grunge - Silver Chair (band), Poppy Starr Olsen, came from Washington, fuses punk and heavy metal
* Hip Hop - Hilltop Hoods, baggy clothing, athletic wear, sneakers, gold chains, oversized clothes
* Eshays - Aus youth, sportswear, associated with crime
* Hipsters - beards, glasses, formal, vests, progressive politics, intellectuals, inner-west & Melbourne
31
What is a zeitgeist?
a defining spirit or mood of a particular period of histroy shown by the beliefs and ideas of the time
32
What were popular Aus TV shows in the Menzies era?
* Pick a Box - developed from radio program, quiz show
* Playschool - 80% of pre-schoolers watch at least once a week
* Homicide - fist major dramatic TV series produced in Aus
* Skippy - broadcast in 128 countries, 300m viewers, first heavily merchandised
33
What were popular TV shows in the 70s?
* Number 96 - first show to feature LGBTQ character in Aus
* Paul Hogan Show - prime-time Sunday night, comedy
34
What were popular TV shows in the late 80s-early 90s?
* Neighbours - Scott & Charlene's (Kylie Minogue) wedding had 20m viewers in UK
* Sylvania Waters - reality show 5m UK viewers
35
What were popular TV shows in the 2000s?
* Crocodile Hunter - Steve Irwin, 130 countries, 500m viewers
* H2O Just Add Water - 120 countries, 250m viewers
* Bluey - top 10 downloaded shows in US, streamed for 20billion mins in 2021
36
What was the TV Regulation Act?
* 2005
* 55% of programs must be Australian
37
What was NITV?
* National Indigenous Television
* 2007
* programs produced/presented by Indigenous people
38
What was the Tax Incentive for the Arts Scheme?
* 1981
* Aus Gov gave incentive to people investing in movies
39
When was Fox Studios established?
1998
40
What were popular films in the Menzies era?
* Jedda - Indigenous girl adopted by white mother, racist, said Indigenous ppl were primitive and savage
* Sundowners - Aus outback, made by American, American and British actors
* They're a Weird Mob - made by English man, aussie stereotypes, relaxed, leisurely, weird
41
What were popular films in the 70s?
* Adventures of Barry McKenzie - first Aus film to gross over $1mil in box office, funded by Aus Film Development Corp
* Mad Max - made $300mil in box office
42
What was Ozploitation?
* genre in 70s
* lots of aussie stereotypes
* outback, wilderness, sex appeal, gangs
* tried to appeal to wider audience
43
What was the Australian Film Development Corporation?
* founded 1970
* gov funding for development of Aus films
* encouraging Aus film makers
44
What were popular films from the 80s-today?
* Mad Max II - made $36mil, '81
* Crocodile Dundee - good for tourism, second highest grossing film in US, sold 46mil tickets in US, '86
* Adventures of Priscilla - Drag queens travelling through outback, celebrating Aus inclusivity, '94
45
What was a popular music genre in the Pre-Menzies era?
Swing - e.g. Glen Miller's 'In the Mood'
46
What were popular music genres in the Menzie's era?
Rock n Roll:
* Elvis Presley - Hound Dog
* still performs weraring suit and tie
* Johnny O'Keefe - Shout
* first Australian rock n roll performer to tour US
Surf:
* Beach Boys
* Little Pattie - Stompin' at Maroubra
* Aus bands have recorded more than 100 surf-related records
47
What was Bandstand?
* 1958-72
* hosted by Brian Henderson
* TV Show encouraging people to buy artists' records
* showcased Australian artists' music
48
What was a popular counter culture music genre during the Menzies Era?
Folk:
* anti-war
* peace, hippie
* Bob Dylan - Blowin' the Wind
* The Seekers - not a protest band
49
What were popular music genres in the 70s?
Glam rock:
* David Bowie (English)
* Skyhooks (Aussie)
Pop:
* ABBA (Swedish) - won Eurovision with 'Waterloo'
* John Paul Young (Aussie) - Love is in the Air
Disco:
* Bee Gees (lived in Australia) - Stayin' Alive
Pub Rock - Australian:
* male, stale, volatile
* music to drink to
* ACDC - It's a Long Way to the Top
50
What was a music counter culture genre in the 70s?
Punk
* anti-government, anti-establishment, anarchist
* Sex Pistols (English) - God Save the Queen
* The Saints (Aussie) - Stranded
51
What were popular music genres from the 80s-today?
Pub Rock:
* Powderfinger - Aus
Grunge Rock:
* Nirvana - American
* started in Washington state
* elements of punk, rock & heavy metal
* Silverchair (Australian) - 'Tomorrow' 1995 #1 in Aus, #9 in US
Hip Hop:
* Came from US African Americans
* Public Enemy - 'Fight the Power'
* Iggy Azelea (Australian) - 'Fancy' 2013 sold 70m records worldwide & 22m singles in US
Art Pop:
* Gotye (Australian) - 'Somebody That I Used To Know' 2011, #1 in US & Aus, MV watched 2bil times
Electro Pop:
* Sia - 'Chandelier' 2014
* #1 in 20 countries
* #8 in USA
52
What was MTV?
* 1981
* cable network showcasing music videos
* Australian
53
What was Rage?
* 1985
* ABC program highlighting Australian music videos
54
What is americanisation?
the influence of American culture and businesses on other countries, including media, popular culture, and technology.
55
What is economies of scale?
the cost advantages that businesses obtain due to their scale of operation
56
What is product dumping?
When a company exports a product to another country at a price below the manufacturing price
57
What is cultural cross-pollination?
The way and extent that cultures influence each other
58
In what ways does America influence Australian popular culture?
* Netflix and other streaming services are not required to meet Australian TV laws
* consumer culture e.g. Coca-Cola and McDonalds
* American words/phrases e.g. cookie, movie, paramedic
* Major computer companies, e.g. Microsoft, are programmed to use American English
* language can influence values & beliefs, e.g. American "loser" vs Aus "battler"
