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Popular Culture Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the Menzies Era?

A

1949-66

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2
Q

What is a baby boomer?

A
  • post war
  • parents went through WWI, WWII, Great Depression
  • first group marketed towards as teenagers
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3
Q

What was the Australian Dream?

A
  • to own a home
  • by 1960 70% owned their own home
  • young family could save a 10% deposit in 2 years - cheap
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4
Q

What is a nuclear family?

A

family with mother, father, children

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5
Q

When were housewives marketed towards?

A
  • 50s
  • mod cons - modern conveniences (ovens, fridges, etc.)
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6
Q

What did people do for leisure during the Menzies era?

A
  • cleaning & polishing cars
  • going to the beach
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7
Q

What were popular sports in the 50s?

A
  • Aus won Davis cup 8 times (tennis)
  • tennis & swimming were most popular
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8
Q

What is counter culture?

A

a way of life opposed to the social norm

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9
Q

Why were The Beatles significant?

A
  • led counter culture
  • had “girls hair”
  • hippy
  • everyone wanted to copy them
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10
Q

What were major movements in feminism?

A
  • contraceptive pill 1961 - women had control over their fertility & pregnancy
  • Germaine Greer’s ‘Female Eunuch’ 1970 - voice for world feminism, female castration from society
  • Helen Reddy’s ‘I am Woman’ 1971
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11
Q

What were some major hippie events?

A
  • Summer of Love San Fran - young people protesting Vietnam War
  • ‘Hair’ musical - first nudity on stage in Aus, actors arrested
  • Aquarius festival - 10,000 attend in Nimbin, lots of nudity
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12
Q

What were popular drugs in the late 60s?

A

Marijuana and LSD among hippies

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13
Q

What is cultural cringe?

A

the dismission of ones own culture as inferior to others

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14
Q

What is globalisation?

A

global interconnection by trade & culture exchange

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15
Q

What is cultural homogenisation?

A

the erosion of cultural beliefs, traditons, languages and identity into one culture

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16
Q

What did Arthur Phillips say about cultural cringe?

A

there was always the “assumption that the domestic product will be worse than the imported article”

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17
Q

When was TV introduced to Aus?

A

1956 during Melb Olympics

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18
Q

When was FM radio and colour TV introduced to Aus?

A

1975

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19
Q

When was the start of the internet?

A

1991

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20
Q

What impact did TV have on radio?

A
  • new FM radio with better sound for music
  • FM music catered to specific audiences
  • radio less popular
  • ABC broadcasted Federal Parliament
  • some AM stations took calls from viewers
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21
Q

How did technology affect sport in Australia?

A
  • could now broadcast sporting events
  • colour TV changed uniforms to brighter colours to be more appealing
  • matches were now either one day or one night
  • NRL anf AFL formed
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22
Q

What was the mainstream fashion for women in the Menzies era?

A
  • influenced by Christian Dior 1948
  • small waist
  • mid-length skirt
  • pointed bust
  • rounded shoulders
  • formal & modest
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23
Q

What was the mainstream fashion for men in the Menzies era?

A
  • Ivy league style
  • woolen suit jacket & pants
  • sweater/vest
  • tie (sometimes)
  • formal
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24
Q

What were subcultures/counter culture fashions in the Menzies era?

A
  • Bodgies & widgies - inspired by Elvis & James Dean, slicked back hair, t-shirt, jacket, slim jeans
  • Swinging London - Mary Quant created mini skirt/dress, birght colours
25
Q

Who popularised the Swingin London fashion in Australia and how?

A
  • Jean Shrimpton
  • 1965
  • Wore mini dress with no hat, gloves or pants to Melb Derby Day
26
Q

What were subcultures/counter cultures in the 70s?

A
  • Hippies - long hair, non-Western clothing, drugs, sex, loving freely, against war
  • Sharpies - gangs formed as a reaction to Aus conservatism, attention to style & details in outfits, violence, bullying
  • Punks - anarchist, anti-gov, anti-establishment
27
Q

What were mainstream fashions in the 80s?

A
  • New Romantic Vivienne Westwood - corsets, flowing items, slightly gothic, formal yet loose
  • Power dressing for women - padded blazers for square look
  • Sportswear - Olivia Newton John
  • Nicole Kidman - fashion icon
  • Icehouse band - fashion influencers
28
Q

What was an 80s fashion subculture?

A

Goths - Nick Cave, The Birthday Party (band)

29
Q

What has mainstream fashion been from the 90s-today?

A

Calvin Klein - Kate Moss, Johnny Depp, Travis Fimmel, Margot Robbie

30
Q

What are some fashion subcultures from the 90s-today?

A
  • Grunge - Silver Chair (band), Poppy Starr Olsen, came from Washington, fuses punk and heavy metal
  • Hip Hop - Hilltop Hoods, baggy clothing, athletic wear, sneakers, gold chains, oversized clothes
  • Eshays - Aus youth, sportswear, associated with crime
  • Hipsters - beards, glasses, formal, vests, progressive politics, intellectuals, inner-west & Melbourne
31
Q

What is a zeitgeist?

A

a defining spirit or mood of a particular period of histroy shown by the beliefs and ideas of the time

32
Q

What were popular Aus TV shows in the Menzies era?

A
  • Pick a Box - developed from radio program, quiz show
  • Playschool - 80% of pre-schoolers watch at least once a week
  • Homicide - fist major dramatic TV series produced in Aus
  • Skippy - broadcast in 128 countries, 300m viewers, first heavily merchandised
33
Q

What were popular TV shows in the 70s?

A
  • Number 96 - first show to feature LGBTQ character in Aus
  • Paul Hogan Show - prime-time Sunday night, comedy
34
Q

What were popular TV shows in the late 80s-early 90s?

A
  • Neighbours - Scott & Charlene’s (Kylie Minogue) wedding had 20m viewers in UK
  • Sylvania Waters - reality show 5m UK viewers
35
Q

What were popular TV shows in the 2000s?

A
  • Crocodile Hunter - Steve Irwin, 130 countries, 500m viewers
  • H2O Just Add Water - 120 countries, 250m viewers
  • Bluey - top 10 downloaded shows in US, streamed for 20billion mins in 2021
36
Q

What was the TV Regulation Act?

A
  • 2005
  • 55% of programs must be Australian
37
Q

What was NITV?

A
  • National Indigenous Television
  • 2007
  • programs produced/presented by Indigenous people
38
Q

What was the Tax Incentive for the Arts Scheme?

A
  • 1981
  • Aus Gov gave incentive to people investing in movies
39
Q

When was Fox Studios established?

A

1998

40
Q

What were popular films in the Menzies era?

A
  • Jedda - Indigenous girl adopted by white mother, racist, said Indigenous ppl were primitive and savage
  • Sundowners - Aus outback, made by American, American and British actors
  • They’re a Weird Mob - made by English man, aussie stereotypes, relaxed, leisurely, weird
41
Q

What were popular films in the 70s?

A
  • Adventures of Barry McKenzie - first Aus film to gross over $1mil in box office, funded by Aus Film Development Corp
  • Mad Max - made $300mil in box office
42
Q

What was Ozploitation?

A
  • genre in 70s
  • lots of aussie stereotypes
  • outback, wilderness, sex appeal, gangs
  • tried to appeal to wider audience
43
Q

What was the Australian Film Development Corporation?

A
  • founded 1970
  • gov funding for development of Aus films
  • encouraging Aus film makers
44
Q

What were popular films from the 80s-today?

A
  • Mad Max II - made $36mil, ‘81
  • Crocodile Dundee - good for tourism, second highest grossing film in US, sold 46mil tickets in US, ‘86
  • Adventures of Priscilla - Drag queens travelling through outback, celebrating Aus inclusivity, ‘94
45
Q

What was a popular music genre in the Pre-Menzies era?

A

Swing - e.g. Glen Miller’s ‘In the Mood’

46
Q

What were popular music genres in the Menzie’s era?

A

Rock n Roll:
* Elvis Presley - Hound Dog
* still performs weraring suit and tie
* Johnny O’Keefe - Shout
* first Australian rock n roll performer to tour US
Surf:
* Beach Boys
* Little Pattie - Stompin’ at Maroubra
* Aus bands have recorded more than 100 surf-related records

47
Q

What was Bandstand?

A
  • 1958-72
  • hosted by Brian Henderson
  • TV Show encouraging people to buy artists’ records
  • showcased Australian artists’ music
48
Q

What was a popular counter culture music genre during the Menzies Era?

A

Folk:
* anti-war
* peace, hippie
* Bob Dylan - Blowin’ the Wind
* The Seekers - not a protest band

49
Q

What were popular music genres in the 70s?

A

Glam rock:
* David Bowie (English)
* Skyhooks (Aussie)
Pop:
* ABBA (Swedish) - won Eurovision with ‘Waterloo’
* John Paul Young (Aussie) - Love is in the Air
Disco:
* Bee Gees (lived in Australia) - Stayin’ Alive
Pub Rock - Australian:
* male, stale, volatile
* music to drink to
* ACDC - It’s a Long Way to the Top

50
Q

What was a music counter culture genre in the 70s?

A

Punk
* anti-government, anti-establishment, anarchist
* Sex Pistols (English) - God Save the Queen
* The Saints (Aussie) - Stranded

51
Q

What were popular music genres from the 80s-today?

A

Pub Rock:
* Powderfinger - Aus
Grunge Rock:
* Nirvana - American
* started in Washington state
* elements of punk, rock & heavy metal
* Silverchair (Australian) - ‘Tomorrow’ 1995 #1 in Aus, #9 in US
Hip Hop:
* Came from US African Americans
* Public Enemy - ‘Fight the Power’
* Iggy Azelea (Australian) - ‘Fancy’ 2013 sold 70m records worldwide & 22m singles in US
Art Pop:
* Gotye (Australian) - ‘Somebody That I Used To Know’ 2011, #1 in US & Aus, MV watched 2bil times
Electro Pop:
* Sia - ‘Chandelier’ 2014
* #1 in 20 countries
* #8 in USA

52
Q

What was MTV?

A
  • 1981
  • cable network showcasing music videos
  • Australian
53
Q

What was Rage?

A
  • 1985
  • ABC program highlighting Australian music videos
54
Q

What is americanisation?

A

the influence of American culture and businesses on other countries, including media, popular culture, and technology.

55
Q

What is economies of scale?

A

the cost advantages that businesses obtain due to their scale of operation

56
Q

What is product dumping?

A

When a company exports a product to another country at a price below the manufacturing price

57
Q

What is cultural cross-pollination?

A

The way and extent that cultures influence each other

58
Q

In what ways does America influence Australian popular culture?

A
  • Netflix and other streaming services are not required to meet Australian TV laws
  • consumer culture e.g. Coca-Cola and McDonalds
  • American words/phrases e.g. cookie, movie, paramedic
  • Major computer companies, e.g. Microsoft, are programmed to use American English
  • language can influence values & beliefs, e.g. American “loser” vs Aus “battler”

History (3 decks)

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