Popuation and Urban Issues Flashcards
Define population.
The amount of people living in an area.
Define birth rate.
The number of births per 1000 people.
Define death rate.
The number of deaths per 1000 people.
What is an ageing population?
A population with a large amount of elderly people (over 65).
Define urbanisation.
The rise in percentage of people living in urban areas (towns and cities), in comparison to rural areas.
Name 4 factors affecting birth rates.
- Larger families means more workers.
- Medical care
- access to contraception
- Tradition for larger families.
Name 4 factors affecting death rates.
- Famine
- Diets
- Medical care
- War
Name 4 problems caused by an ageing population.
- Pressure on health care/ need for care homes.
- More pensions needed.
- Fewer economically active (less people of working age)
- Less tax as there are less people working and therefore less people to pay tax.
Name the 7 problems caused by rapid urbanisation
- Poor living conditions in areas with poor sanitation (water and flushing toilets) means that diseases spread quickly.
- More elderly people means less people working which can increase the need for more workers.
- Pressure on land as more people move in.
- Retirement age may be increased so that more people are paying into the tax pot.
- Conflict of cultures from migrants an lead to civil wars.
- Pressure on healthcare systems and schools as there are not enough places for all of the population.
- Too many young people means not enough school places which can leave skills shortages e.g. not enough teachers.
Lagos (Nigeria) -Why are people moving to the city?
- Lots of opportunities for work- jobs in the oil industry.
- Lack of jobs in rural areas- farmers don’t earn much money
- Drought in farming areas is making work difficult.
Lagos (Nigeria)- What are the problems caused by people moving to the city?
- Increase in poor quality housing to cope with the people moving there- 60% live in slums.
- Lots of transport- busy roads
- Poor electricity provision
- High crime/voilence
Lagos (Nigeria)- What are the good things caused by people moving to the city?
- Increased earnings
2. The government are spending more on improving the city.
London (UK)- Why are people moving to the city?
- Lots of transport links makes London an easy place to get to.
- Lots of high paid jobs in finance.
- Lots of universities.
- Variety of low and high paid jobs.
London (UK)- What are the problems caused by people moving to the city?
- High house prices- people struggle to afford to buy houses in London.
- 2 million people in London live in poverty.
- Lots of people migrate here putting strain on the NHS and housing.
- Lots of air and water pollution.
London (UK)- What are the good things that are caused by people moving to the city?
- Lots of migration has meant a diverse range of cultures.
2. Big cities often host important events e.g. the Olympics.
