POP Week 1 Flashcards
What is an emotion
= represents an organized, highly structured, reaction to an event that is relevant to the needs, goals or survival
3 components of emotion
- prototypic form of expression (facial)
- pattern of consistent autonomic changes
- distint subjective feeling state
emotions vs mood
emotions are shortlived. Mood takes longer than emotions
ex. feeling tired or sluggish –> fatique
feeling calm and relaxed –> serenity
mood
- a transient episode of feeling or affect
- takes longer
- highly similar to the subjectuve component of emotions
what is the benefit of feeling good / the benefit of a good mood
people in a good mood are more persistent and have better health
people in a good mood tend to live longer (experiment nurses)
Broaden and build theory
Broaden: when you are in a positive mindset you have a more broadened mindset
Build: when you are positive you have more positive resources for yourself that you can tap into when you have to deal with something negative later on
positive vs. negative emotions
- more diversity/clear differences in negative emotions (expressions)
- negative emotions do more to the body (fight/fly)
undoing hypothesis
= when experiencing negative emotions you recover faster form their effect if you experience positive emotions after, compared to when you would experience neutral/negative emotions
negative affect
= extend to which the individual is currently upset or distressed (high neuroticism, acting more introverted)
positive affect
= relfects one’s current level of pleasure and enthusiasm (low neuroticism, more likely to be extraverted)
How people react to something..
= mostly based on trait/how people view things, not on what exactly they’ve experienced in life
Are we protected from negative influences if we are in a good mood/emotion?
no, positive people also experience negative emotions but these are more appropriate for the situation and positive people are more likely to recover sooner form the effects of negative emotions
people who frequently experience positive emotions are more productive
- take advantage of their time
- more productive and perform better
(positive motions to job performance are correlated)
positive people experience more personal growth
- because of the upward spiral they are in
- their perosnal resources grow (physical, social, intellectual) and this helps them grow and motivate themselves more
Does income have a large effect on employees’ happiness
happiness leads to more succes which can lead to a higher pay
people who frequently experience positive emotions have more succesful carreers
(found in a cross sectional research)
- people that are happy are more succesful at their job which enables them to more succesful careers
negative people perform better at complex problem solving tasks
negative people are more focussed (small view) and positive people have a broad view
- if the problem is new to them it’s better to have focussed negative people
- if the problem is familiar to them it could be better to have positive people to solve the problem (neg people might second guess themselves and will therefore take longer to solve the problem)
General proces between feeling positive and succes in work?
- you’re at work and more positive than colleague
- you’re more optimistic and have more self efficacy (self confidence) –> better job than your sad colleague
- you’ll get more tasks and recognition –> more oppurtunities to take advantage
- you’re more likely to grow quicker and have a more succesful career sooner than your sad colleague
how do we transfer emotion
- consciously and subconsciously
two-stage process
- people like to mimic others behaviours (first unconscious)
- you’ll start feeling the emotion you’re mimicking
Why do leaders have more impact on the group’s mood?
= because they are the most vocal person of the group. They are the focus point of the group, they have more interactions with other group members and the group member feel like they’re dependent on the group leader (two-stage process will lead to group member mimicking the leaders emotion)
Circumplex
Emotional valence (can be positive or negative)
Emotional energy
- can be high or low
How do emotions in a group affect team perfomance
Groups with a leader that has a positive emotion have better coordination and cooperation and are therefore more effective. There will also be less conflict within the group.
If the leader is negative the group will think the work is not sufficient → put in more effort
It was assumed there would be better strategy if the leader is negative but this hypothesis was not proven in the experiment (note however that the experiment might have been too short since it only took 7 minutes)
effort expenditure
negative moods of team leader indicated that progress inadequate. As a result the team will work harder (positive leader –> same effort)
coordination
positive mood of leader –> invites group members to engage in agreeable and friendly behaviour –> these behaviours contribute to high coordination among group members and less conflict, more cooperation and more pro social behaviour
emotional contagion
= a process in which a person or group influences the emotions or behaviour of another person or group through the conscious or unconscious induction of emotion states and behavioural attitudes
