Pop Health Definitions Flashcards
Evaluation
Systematic investigation of merit/worth/significance of object or effort
Program
Object or effort being evaluated
Program evaluation
Way to evaluate the specific projects and activities community groups may take part in
Stakeholders
Those who care about the program or effort (or those presumed to benefit)
What to ask when evaluating a program?
- What will be evaluated?
- What criteria will be used to judge performance?
- What standards must be reached for it to be successful?
- What evidence will we use?
- What conclusions are justified based on the evidence?
Questions to ask when evaluating OUTPUTS?
Did you do what you set out to do? Reach the number of people you expected to? Use the methods you intended? Provide the kind of service you planned for?
Questions to ask when evaluating OUTCOMES?
What were the results of what you did? Did what you hoped for take place?
A logic model does what?
It synthesizes the main program elements into a picture of how the program is supposed to work. Spells out the sequence of events that are supposed to bring about change.
Are logic models used for new or existing programs? ?
Both new and existing.
Do you use logic models during planning, implementation, orientation, advocacy or evaluation?
All of the above.
Program management
A decision-making system similar to the nursing process
-it’s applied to programs and consists of Assessment, Planning, Implementation and Evaluation
What does ADPIE look like in program management?
Assess the needs/strengths/weaknesses of a population
Diagnose: prioritize health needs
Plan interventions to meet outcomes
Implement: carry out the plan and monitor the process
Evaluate: examine success and outcomes.
Formative Evaluation
Takes place during the planning, process, implementation of a project.
Also called “process evaluation”
Summative evaluation
Evaluates the outcome of a particular program.
Also called “Impact” evaluation
What does PDSA stand for? When would you use it?
Plan-Do-Study-Act
You use it to make small, incremental improvements over time in a program. Typically focuses on one small aspect of the program to change.
Spell out what the steps of PDSA are
Plan: plan the test/observation, including how you’ll collect data
Do: try out the test on a small scale
Study: analyze the data and study the results
Act: refine the change based on what was learned.
What are the different columns in a Logic Model?
Resources (everything you’re putting into it: money, people, etc)
Activities (training and outreach you’ve planned)
Outputs (training and outreach you do)
Outcomes (the facts/data that you’re seeing after implementation)
Impact (the impact of those facts/data)
What is participatory evaluation?
A lengthy, involved evaluation process that involves every stakeholder in a project. The goal is to evaluate the process from everyone’s point of view and use the information retrieved to improve the work.
Steps in conducting a participatory evaluation?
- Find and train stakeholders.
- Name and frame the issue
- Develop logic model to address it
- Decide what questions to ask/how to ask them
- Collect information on the intervention and its effects
- Analyzing the data
- Use the information to celebrate and make changes to the project
Contextualism
Embedding interventions into local circumstances
Collecting info in a participatory evaluation - how?
Research into data/records
Interviews, Focus groups, sharing sessions
Surveys
Direct observation
What three areas should information-gathering and analysis cover in participatory evaluation
Process
Implementation
Outcomes
What does it mean to analyze the process (in evaluation)? What questions would you ask?
Was there good coordination/communication?
Was it participatory?
Was the timeline realistic?
Were you able to find/hire the right people? Did they do what they were expected to do?
What does evaluating the outputs look like in participatory evaluation? What questions would you ask?
Did you do what you set out to do?
- reach the number of people you expected to?
- provide the amount/kind of service you planned for?
(NOT whether it was effective. Just if you actually carried it out as planned).
What does evaluating the outcomes look like in participatory evaluation? What questions would you ask?
What were the results of what you did?
Did what you hoped for take place?
If so, how do you know that it was a result of what you did?
Were there any unexpected results?
Population at risk
People in the population have a common identified risk factor or exposure that poses a threat to health
Population of interest
Essentially healthy but could improve factors that promote or protect health
Community
Social network of interacting individuals, concentrated in a defined territory
Surveillance
Describes and monitors health events (ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, interpretation of health data) - purpose of planning, implementing and evaluating public health interventions
Disease and other health event investigation
Gathers data about threats to the health of populations, determines the SOURCE fo the threat, identifies cases and those at risk and determines control measures.
Outreach
Locates populations at risk (or of interest) and provides information about the nature of the concern, what can be done about it and how services can be obtained
Screening
Identifies individuals with unrecognized health risk factors or asymptomatic disease conditions
Case finding
Locates individuals and families with identified risk factors and connects them with resources
Referral and follow-up
Assists individuals, families, groups, communities to IDENTIFY and ASSESS necessary RESOURCES in order to prevent or resolve problems or concerns
Case maangement
Optimizes self-care capabilities of individuals and families and the capacity of systems and communities to coordinate and provide services
Delegated functions
Nurse functions under the authority of a health care practitioner
Health teaching
Communicates facts, ideals, skills that change knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, behaviors and practices (differs from outreach in that outreach actually locates the populations of interest)
Counseling
Establishes an interpersonal relationship to enhance their capacity for self-care and coping. Engages at an emotional level.
Consultation
Seeks information and generations optional solutions to perceived problems or issues through INTERACTIVE problem solving with a community/system/family/individual
Collaboration
Commits two or more persons or organizations to achieve a common goal through enhancing the capacity of one or more of the members to promote and protect health
Coalition building
Develops alliances
Community organizing
Helps community groups to identify common problems/goals, mobilize resources and develop/implement strategies for reaching the goals they’ve set.
Advocacy
Pleads someone’s case, acts on someone’s behalf
Social marketing
Uses commercial marketing principles to influence knowledge, attitudes, values, beliefs, etc
Policy development
Places health issues on decision-maker’s agendas
Surveillance, Disease/health event investigation, outreach and screening when done at an individual level are considered…
Case-finding
