POORLY STAINING Flashcards
This organism is the leading cause of sexually transmitted bacterial disease resulting in urethritis, cervicitis, salpingitis, and neonatal conjunctivitis
Chlamydia trachomatis
-infection in a female can progress to PID, resulting in potential for ECTOPIC PREGNANCY or STERILITY
This organism is closely associated with the development of conjunctivitis, urethritis, and arthritis (Reiter’s syndrome)
Chalmydia trachomatis
-this AUTOIMMUNE phenomeno resulting from cross-reactive antigens between the organism and affected tissues is associated with HLA-B27
One of the most common opportunistic bacterial infections in AIDS patients
Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare
-this disease presents similarly to TB and is acquired from soil, birds, or other animals
Infection results in the destruction of skin and cartilage, resulting in leonine facies and limb deformities
Mycobacterium leprae
-leprosy, or HANSEN DISEASE, presents as a spectrum between 2 extremes, from TB LEPROSY associated with good prognosis to LEPROMATOUS LEPROSY, in which numerous acid-fast bacilli are stuffed in macrophages = LEPRA CELLS
Infection results in the destruction of peripheral nerves, resulting in anesthesia followed by atrophy and autoamputation
Mycobacterium leprae
-this acid-fast bacilli has a LONG GENERATION TIME, approximately 13 days, and cannot be cultivated in the laboratory
Primary infection results in subpleural parenchymal lesions and enlarged caseous lymph nodes (Ghon complex) and reactivation can result in cavitary lesions in the upper lung lobes
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
-diagnosis is confirmed by finding ACID-FAST BACILLI in the sputum or in cultures that take several weeks to grow
The classic presentation with this organism includes fever, night sweats, fatigue, and weight loss
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
-presents similarly to other GRANULOMATOUS INFECTIONS such as histoplasmosis or coccidiodomycosis
Infection can result in the involvement of vertebrae (Pott disease) with spread to form a psoas abscess and, in immunocompromised pts, overwhelming miliary dissemination
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
-although rare in the US, incidences of infections are INCREASING IN IMMUNOCOMPROMISED pts and urban populations, with high incidence of MULTIDRUG-RESITANT STRAINS
Initial infection presents with a painless ulcer on the genitals known as a chancre
Treponema pallidum
-the characteristic lesion of primary syphilis is HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS and contains numerous SPIROCHETE viewed by DARK FIELD light microscopy or by IMMUNOFLUORESCENT MICROSCOPY
The disease can manifest with a maculopapular rash on the palsm and soles, and condyloma lata
Treponema pallidum
-secondary syphilis presents with a rash and gray flattened WART-LIKE LESIONS on the anogenital, axillary, and oral areas; these CONDYLOMA LATA are not to be confused with condyloma acuminatum seen with HPV infection
Long-term consequences of untreated disease include tabes dorsalis and aneurysms of the ascending aorta
Treponema pallidum
-tertiary syphilis can lead to PARESIS and is the leading cause of ANEURYSMS OF THE ASCENDING AORTA with a characteristic TREE-BARKING APPEARANCE
Transmitted by ticks, infection results in a petechial rash with involvement of the palms and soles
Rickettsia rickettsii
-the causative agent of ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FEVER is an OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR ORGANISM seen with Giemsa staining; despite its name, it is endemic to the eastern US
Causes an interstitial type pneumonia and is associated with exposure to contaminated parrots and parakeets and other domestic birds
Chlamydia psittaci
-the causative agent of PSITTACOSIS, transmitted by birds of the psittacine family; a similar disease, ORNITHOSIS, is also seen upon exposure to other birds such as pigeons, ducks, and chickens
This cause of chronic keratoconjunctivitis results in corneal scarring and is the most common cause of blindness worldwide
Chlamydia trachomatis
-Chlamydia trachomatis is divided into SEROVARS based on serology and symptomatology; in this case, the pathology is due to C. trachomatis A, B, and C
Causes Lymphogranuloa venerum, characterized by nodules and vesicles on the genitals, venereal buboes, and elephantiasis of the genitals with rectal strictures
Chlamydia trachomatis
-results from infection of the most invasive SEROVARS L1, L2, and L#; this STD progresses through primary, secondary, and tertiary stages
This organism grows in warm, moist environments (contaminated air conditions systems) and causes a potential life-threatening pneumonia in patients with lung disease
Legionella pneumophila
-this organism, often visualized with DIETERLE SILVER STAIN, also causes a less severe form of pneumonia known as PONTIAC FEVER
Immunization employs the use of Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG), one of the only live attenuated bacterial vaccines available
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
-the test for exposure to TB involve injection of a small amount of partially purified derivative [PPD] and detecting a DELAYED TYPE HYPERSENSITIVITY rxn; recipients of the vaccine [an ATTENUATED STRAIN OF M. bovis] have a positive PPD
The organism is exquisitely sensitive to penicillins; treatment can result in rash, fever, and hypotension (Jarisch-Herxheimer rxn)
Treponema pallidum
-treatment results in rapid death of the organism with RELEASE OF TOXIC PRODUCTS that cause symptoms that can be relieved by anti-inflammatory agents
Patients with SLE are often positive for serologic tests for this organism even if not infected (biologic false positive)
Treponema pallidum
-screening test like the RAPID PLASMA REAGIN or Venereal disease Research Laboratory [VDRL] are based on finding ANTIBODIES TO CARDIOLIPIN, which patients with SLE make; the most specific test is the fluorescent treponemal antibody [FTA-Abs] test
Causes “Walking pneumonia” with the potential to develop a self-limiting hemolytic anemia
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
-untreated pts develop IgM AUTOANTIBODIES TO RBC’s, terms ACUTE COLD AGGLUTININS
A prominent cause of community-acquired pneumonia, symptoms normally include a hacking, nonproductive cough (atypical pneumonia)
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
-one of the SMALLEST FREE-LIVING BACTERIA, has NO CELL WALL, and causes an INTERSTITIAL INFLAMMATION rather than intra-alveolar exudates
This organism that lacks a cell wall is the cause of recurrent UTIs
Ureaplasma urealyticum
-related to Mycoplasma pneumonia, infection is associated with the development of URINARY CALCULI
Late stages of infection may lead to a severe autoimmune arthritis, life-threatening heart block, and facial nerve palsy
Borrelia burgdorferi
-the vaccine has recently become available for this organism, to prevent development of LYME DISEASE
Transplacental infection can result in a triad of interstitial keratitis, Hutchinson teeth, and 8th cranial nerve deafness
Treponema pallidum
-infection results in OSTEOCHONDRITIS and PERISOTITIS and contributing as well to other defects such as DESTRUCTION OF THE VOMER, leading to a SADDLE NOSE DEFORMITY; other bone defects include mulberry molars and saber shin deformities
