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PSY cognitive > poo > Flashcards

poo Flashcards

1
Q

Cognitive psychology

A

branch of psych, explores mental process/perception/thinking/language by observing behavior

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2
Q

Metacognition

A

thinking about thinking

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3
Q

schema

A

expectations, able to identify parts that tells you what you are looking at/mental organization

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4
Q

Stimulus

A

anything that can cause a reaction
Response = reaction, result of interaction with stimulus (EX.response time, accuracy)

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5
Q

Ecological validity

A

measure of how test performance can predict real behaviors in the real world

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6
Q

Ecological approach

A

psychological inquiry, reflects/uses conditions in real world

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7
Q

Bottom up processing

A

first time interacting/looking at “WHAT AM I SEEING” (NEW)

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8
Q

Top down processing

A

use ideas/models/expectations to interpret sensory info.“IS THIS SOMETHING IVE SEEN BEFORE” USE PRIOR KNOWLEDGE

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9
Q

Ventral pathway

A

WHAT, stream of visual processing when you are trying determines an objects size/color/meaning

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10
Q

Dorsal pathway

A

WHERE, stream of visual processing that determines object location/motion, often guides action
EX.)when you see a book, and pick it up

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11
Q

The ventral pathway deals with :

A

color, texture, pictorial detail, shape and size

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12
Q

the dorsal pathway deals with :

A

location, movement, spatial transformation, spatial relations

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13
Q

selective attention

A

pay attention to important info + ignore everything else

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14
Q

attentional capture

A

anything that draws your attention

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15
Q

Inattentional blindness

A

failure to attend to events that we
might be expected to notice

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16
Q

● Change blindness:

A

failure to notice a change in a visual stimulus

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17
Q

Task switching:

A

switch from task to task (voluntary)

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18
Q

mind wandering

A

shift to thoughts instead of task/important things at hand (involuntary)

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19
Q

exogenous shift

A

unconscious movements of attention, caused by external stimuli

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20
Q

endogenous shifts

A

voluntary movements of attention

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21
Q

covert attention

A

shift in attention, with no eye movement

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22
Q

overt attention

A

shift in attention, with eye movement

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23
Q

information theory

A
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24
Q

feature detection theory

A

perception of objects is based on
recognizing individual features (see tail and cut lil ears = rat)

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25
Q

Recognition by
components theory

A

recognize objects
by breaking them down
into simpler shapes

26
Q

geons

A

set of 36 basic
three dimensional shapes
from which all real-world
objects can be constructed

27
Q

context effects

A

change in perception of a visual component of a
scene based on the surrounding info in the scene +
observer’s prior knowledge (ex. if someone says coffe is bitter you will think its bitter)

28
Q

context effects (3 examples)

A

1.jumbled word effect. 2. empirical theory of color vision. 3. food preference

29
Q

early selection theory

A

(hypothesis) attention prevents early perceptual
processing of distractors

30
Q

what happened in the dichotic listening task?

A

a subject would be given a message, and would have to listen to 2 streams of voices playing at the same time, and they would have to pick which stream said the needed phrase

31
Q

dichotic listening task end result

A

can only process/pay attention to one stream of information at a time (not 2)

32
Q

late selection theory (hypothesis)

A

hypothesis, perceive relevant/ irrelevant stimuli at the same time, must ignore irrelevant stimuli to focus on relevant ones

33
Q

Prosopagnosia

A

unable to recognize faces (due to damage in FFA)

34
Q

split brain

A

subject lives like they have 2 different brains (caused by the corpus callosum severing)

35
Q

wenickes aphasia

A

inability to understand speech (due to damage on wernickes area)

36
Q

brocas aphasia

A

inability to produce speech (due to damage to brocas area)

37
Q

brocas area

A

in charge of language production

38
Q

limits of neuroscience (2)

A

Neuroscience techniques are not independent and can (and should) be combined in order to learn even more about the brain
• Combining techniques can be beneficial and offer more information than employing only one technique

39
Q

interactionism

A

belief that the mind and brain are SEPARATE, but impact and influence eachother

40
Q

Epiphenomenalism:

A

mental states or events are caused by physical states or events in the brain but do not themselves cause anything.

41
Q

stroop task

A

(late selection hypothesis) say color of word not the word written

42
Q

the stroop task proves that

A

humans have difficulty paying attention to two things at once

43
Q

flicker paradigm

A

subject is exposed to two slighty different images between fast flickers (will they notice the difference?

44
Q

the flicker paradigm was used to investigate

A

change blindness

45
Q

change blindness

A

when there is a subtle change that occurs and the subject fails to notice that

46
Q

parallelism

A

mind + brain = 2 aspects of reality, operate in parallel

47
Q

isomorphism

A

view that mental events +neural events share the same structure

48
Q

animal studies

A
49
Q

MRI

A

magnetic resonance image (produces images of brain, shows brain activity)

50
Q

ERP

A

Event related potentials (electrical signal emitted from the brain after the onset of a stimulus)

51
Q

PET

A

Positron emission tomography (brain imaging technique, subject is injected with a radioactive substance, circulates to brain and mixes with blood

52
Q

fMRI

A

Functional magnetic resonance imaging( non-radioactive magnetic procedure, detects flow of oxygenated blood to parts of brain

53
Q

MEG

A

Magnetoencephalography (noninvasive brain imaging technique, directly measures neural activity

54
Q

DTI

A

Diffusion tensor imaging (MRI-based neuroimaging technique, helps visualize the white-matter tracts in brain

55
Q

sustained attention to response task

A

SART (continuous response task in which digits (O to 9) are sequentially presented on a computer screen and participants are asked to press a button in response to all but one of them (e.g., just the number
3)

56
Q

comission errors

A

failure to withhold a response)

57
Q

attentional blink

A

fail to notice the second of two stimuli presented within 550 milliseconds of each other

58
Q

commission error in sustained attention to response task

A

used as a measure of attentional lapses in this task

59
Q

jumbled word effect

A

can still read sentences even if letters are mixed up

60
Q

empirical theory of color vision

A

theory, color perception is impacted by one’s experiences

PSY cognitive (3 decks)

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