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Term IV: Neuro > Pons and Cerebellum > Flashcards

Pons and Cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

Motor functions of cerebellum:

A
  1. Motor coordination
  2. Motor learning
  3. Balance
  4. Posture
  5. Proprioception - understanding of where your limbs are with respect to space
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2
Q

Non-motor functions of cerebellum:

A
  1. Blood pressure
  2. Breathing rhythm
  3. Cognition (esp emotion)
  4. Language
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3
Q

Where are more than half of the neurons in the brain located?

A

Cerebellum

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4
Q

One word to describe what cerebellum does?

A

PREDICTION

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5
Q

Three lobes of cerebellum

A

Anterior, Posterior, Flocculonodular

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6
Q

Maintenance of balance, control of eye movements

Part of cerebellum that controls it and which predominant lobe?

A

Vestibulocerebellum - mostly flocculo-nodular lobe

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7
Q

Regulation of muscle tone, coordination of skilled voluntary mvt

Part of cerebellum that controls it and which predominant lobe?

A

Spinocerebellum - mostly anterior lobe

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8
Q

Planning of voluntary activity

Part of cerebellum that controls it and which predominant lobe?

A

Cerebrocerebellum - Posterior Lobe

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9
Q

4 pairs of cerebellar nuclei? What do they do?

A

FGED - fat guys eat donuts

Fastigial
Globose
Emboliform
Dentate

They connect cerebellum to rest of brain and spinal cord

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10
Q

Cerebellum is connected to brain stem by 3 peduncles on each side. What are they called and what do they connect?

A
  1. Superior cerebellar peduncle - cerebellum w/ midbrain
  2. Middle cerebellar peduncle - cerebellum w/ pons
  3. Inferior cerebellar peduncel - cerebellum w/ medulla oblongata
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11
Q

What are the three layers of the cerebellar gray matter?

A
  1. Molecular
  2. Purkinje cell
  3. Granular
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12
Q

What are the 5 types of neurons in the cerebellar cortex?

A
  1. Purkinje cells
  2. Golgi cells
  3. Stellate cells
  4. Basket cells
  5. Granule cells
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13
Q

What are two main types of afferents in cerebellar cortex?

A
  1. Mossy fibers

2. Climbing fibers

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14
Q

What is the single efferent cell in the cerebellar cortex?

A

Purkinje cell axons

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15
Q

Name that cerebellar cortex neuron!

  • Spontaneously active
  • Inhibitory (GABAergic)
  • Project out of cerebellar cortex to deep cerebellar and vestibular nuclei
  • Main site of cerebellar computation
A

Purkinje cells

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16
Q

Name that cerebellar cortex neuron!

  • Excitatory (glutamatergic) to Purkinje cells via parallel fibers
  • Bifurcate
  • Relay mossy fiber information to Purkinje cells
A

Granule cells

17
Q

Name that cerebellar cortex neuron!

  • Inhibitory (GABAergic)
  • Spatial inhibition to Purkinje cells
A

Basket and Stellate cells

18
Q

Name that cerebellar cortex neuron!

  • Inhibitory (GABAergic)
  • Temporal inhibition of mossy fiber input
A

Golgi cells

19
Q

What are three major sources of inputs to cerebellum from CNS?

A
  • Spinal cord - info related to position & condition of muscles, tendons, joints
  • Vestibular system - related to body equilib
  • Cerebral cortex - provide info for planning & initiation of mvt
20
Q

Inputs in cerebellum are segregated within cerebellum into 3 fiber systems:

A
  1. Climbing fiber system
  2. Mossy fiber
  3. Multilayered fiber
21
Q

Name that cerebellar fiber system!

  • Consists of the olivocerebellar tracts.
  • Privileged interaction with Purkinje cells
A

Climbing fiber system

22
Q

Name that cerebellar fiber system!

Includes all afferents which are not part of the climbing fiber & the multilayered fiber system

A

Mossy fiber system

23
Q

Name that cerebellar fiber system!

Consists of the afferent from the hypothalamus, as well as the serotonergic input from the raphe nuclei, the noradrenergic input from the locus ceruleus, & the dopaminergic input from the
VTA

A

Multilayered fiber system

24
Q

Major relay center for sensorimotor information, but also critical region for higher functions

A

Pons

25
Q

Functions of pons:

A
  1. Sleep
  2. Arousal
  3. Autonomic functions (respiration)
  4. Major link between cerebral cortex and cerebellum
26
Q

Two principle regions of pons:

A
  1. Basis pontis - ventral

Corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts, pontine nuclei

  1. Pontine tegmentum - dorsal

Nuclei of cranial nerves, reticular formation, resp centers

27
Q

What cranial nerve nuclei are found in the pons?

A

5th, 6th, 7th, 8th

28
Q

What functions are associated with serotonin system?

A

Circadian rhythms, alertness, pain modulation

29
Q

What functions are associated with norepinephrine system?

A

Sleep-wake cycles, arousal, attention, memory

Term IV: Neuro (12 decks)

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