Polysomnography

Question 1

What is the definition of polysomnography

Answer 1

also called sleep study, it is a test used to diagnose sleep disorders

Question 2

What is sleep apnea

Answer 2

repeated episodes of complete cessation of airflow for 10 sec or longer. Can be obstructed or central.

Question 3

What is obstructive sleep apnea

Answer 3

most common type of sleep apnea and is caused by an obstruction of the upper airway

Question 4

What is central sleep apnea

Answer 4

a disorder in which your breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep.

Question 5

Why does CSA occur

Answer 5

because your brain doesnt send proper signals to the muscles that control breathing

Question 6

What is hypopnea

Answer 6

a significant decrease in breathing without complete cessation of airflow

Question 7

How many stages are there in Non-REM sleep

Answer 7

there are 4 stages

Question 8

What are the 2 stages of light sleep

Answer 8

stages 1 and 2

Question 9

what are the 2 stages of deep sleep

Answer 9

stages 3 and 4

Question 10

What stage has spindles

Answer 10

stage 2

Question 11

What is REM sleep

Answer 11

Rapid eye movement

Question 12

What is another name for REM sleep

Answer 12

dreaming sleep

Question 13

What are the physiologic changes that occur during sleep

Answer 13

• decreased ventilation
• decreased ventilatory muscle tone
• changes in neurochemical reflexes
• decrease drive to breathe
• increased airway resistance
• decreased airway space
• decreased muscle tone/upper airways

Question 14

What are symptoms of OSA

Answer 14

• excessive daytime sleepiness
• headaches (daytime)
• snoring
• thrashing in sleep
• moving, jerky leg motions while sleeping

Question 15

What are other symptoms of OSA

Answer 15

• poor memory
• depression
• dry mouth
• mood changes
• impotent (men)

Question 16

What are the 3 types of apnea

Answer 16

• obstructive
• central
• mixed

Question 17

What is mixed

Answer 17

combination of central event and obstructive event

Question 18

What are the components of PSG testing

Answer 18

• chest motion detectors
• EEG
• EOG
• ventilation (thermistors, flow detectors)
• EMG
• oximetry
• ECG

Question 19

What happens with a positive test for obstructive apnea

Answer 19

• blockage of upper airway
• decreased airflow to < 90% of baseline w/ resp effort for >/= 10 sec
• Hypopnea–decreased airflow to 50-90% of baseline

Question 20

What is sleep efficiency

Answer 20

amount of time asleep per EEG divided by total recording time

Question 21

What is AHI

Answer 21

• apena hypopnea index
• AKA respiratory disturbance index (RDI)
• apnea + hypopnea

Question 22

what is the arousal index

Answer 22

of arousals per hour

Question 23

What is sleep latency

Answer 23

time from lights out to when the patient falls asleep.

Question 24

what is the breathing pattern associated with sleep apnea

Answer 24

cheyne-stokes

Question 25

what are the treatments for sleep apnea

Answer 25

• CPAP/BiPAP
• weight loss
• surgery
• respiratory stimulus
• medications

Question 26

what is inductive plethysmograph

Answer 26

• elastic bands that measures resp effort, RR monitors chest motion
• measurements should equal VT
• broken bands will cause inaccurate readings