polysaccharides

Question 1

what are polysaccharides

Answer 1

formed from very large numbers of monosaccharides

Question 2

what bonds do polysaccharides have

Answer 2

glycosidic

Question 3

why couldn’t you just store glucose in that form in cells

Answer 3

soluble in waterso would increase concentration of the cell contencts and draw water in by osmosis

Question 4

how is glucose stored in plant cells

Answer 4

startch

Question 5

how is glucose stored in animal cells

Answer 5

glycogen

Question 6

what are the benefits of using startch / glycogen to store glucose

Answer 6

insoluble - no osmatic effect
cannot diffuse out of the cell
compact
carry a lot of enery in c-h and c-c bonds

dice

Question 7

where can you find startch in high concentrations

Answer 7

seeds + storage organs such as potato tubers

Question 8

what are the 2 polymers of startch

Answer 8

amylose
amylopectin

Question 9

amylose structure

Answer 9

linear unbranched
alpha 1- 4 glycosidic bonds
helix

Question 10

amylopectin structure

Answer 10

a 1-4 glycosidic bonds and a 1-6 glycosidic bonds
branched

Question 11

how to test for startch

Answer 11

iodine-potassium iodide test

orange brown to blue black

qualitative test

Question 12

different between glycogen and amylopectin

Answer 12

glycogen more branched

Question 13

structure of cellulose

Answer 13

long chain of 1-4 glycosidic B glucose units

Question 14

how does cellulose look like

Answer 14

straight + unbracnhed
B link rotates by 180 degreees

Question 15

where do hydrogen bonds form in cellulose

Answer 15

between OH groups
makes it structurally stable

Question 16

how do microfibrili form

Answer 16

paralel cellulose molecules become tightly cross linked by hydrgen bonds

Question 17

in what are microfibrili held

Answer 17

bundles called fibres

Question 18

is cellulose permable

Answer 18

freely permable

Question 19

structure of chitin

Answer 19

beta 1-4 glucose with nitrogen to form a hetropolysaccharide

Question 20

difference between cellulose and chitin

Answer 20

chitin has amino acid

Question 21

where can you find chitin

Answer 21

exoskeleton and fungal cell wall

Question 22

properties of chitin

Answer 22

strong
waterproof
lightweight

Question 23

similarity of chitin to cellulose

Answer 23

monomers rotated by 180
long parallel chains are cross linked by hydrogen bonds forming microfibrils

Question 24

cellulose - hydrogen bonds form what

Answer 24

cross-linkages

makes cellulose form long threads called microfibrils

Question 25

what makes chitin different from other polysaccharides

Answer 25

contains nitrogen

Question 26

bonds between in cellulose

Answer 26

beta glycosidic

Question 27

bonds up and down in cellulose

Answer 27

hydrogen bond

Question 28

how does cellulose / chitin provide strength

Answer 28

alternate monosaccharides inverted by 180

hydrogen bonds cross link molecules

which forms microfibrilis

Question 29

what actually are glycosidic bonds

Answer 29

covalent bond formed between 2 monosaccharides through condensation

Question 30

what is the name of adding more monosaccharides

Answer 30

polymerisation

Question 31

what are the 3 types of polysaccharides

Answer 31

startch
glycogen
cellulose

Question 32

differnece in structure between startch and cellulose

Answer 32

startch is alpha 1-4 bond
cellulose is beta 1-4 bond

Question 33

differnece in bonding between startch and glycogen

Answer 33

alpha 1-4

alpha 1-6 branched

Question 34

use of chitin

Answer 34

in fungal cell walls
exoskeletons of insects

Question 35

how does cellulose stay as a straight chain

Answer 35

flipping every other cell 180 degrees