polysaccharides Flashcards
whats a monomer?
smaller units which can create larger molecules
whats a polymer?
made of lots of monomers bonded together
what are the 3 examples of monomers?
glucose, amino acids, nucleotide
what are the 3 examples of polymers?
glucose= starch, cellulose,glycogen
aa= protein
nucleotide= DNA RNA
whats a condensation reaction?
joining two molecules together creating a chemical bond and removing water
whats a hydrolysis reaction?
breaks a chemical bond between two molecules and involves the use of water
what are the 3 carbohydrate examples?
monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides
what are the examples for monosaccharides?
glucose, fructose, galactose
what are the examples for disaccharides?
sucrose, maltose, lactose
what are the examples for polysaccharides?
starch,cellulose,glycogen
Glucose a formula
C6H12O6
whats an isomer?
same molecular formula different structure
whats a disaccharide?
-made of two monosaccharides
-joined together by a glycosidic bond
-formed by a condensation reaction
maltose reaction
glucose + glucose = maltose + water
lactose reaction
glucose + galactose = lactose + water
sucrose reaction
glucose + fructose = sucrose + water
polysaccharides are created by…
condensation reactions between many glucose monomers
Everything about Starch
-alpha glucose
-1-4 glycosidic bonds in amylose, 1-4 and 1-6 bonds in in amylopectin
-store of glucose
-found in plant cells
-made of 2 polymers amylose is an unbranched helix
amylopectin is branched
advantage of unbranched helix
helix can compact to fit a lot of glucose in a small space
advantage of branched helix
increases surface area for rapid hydrolysis back to glucose. polysaccharides are large and therefore Insoluble - wont affect water potential
Everything about Cellulose
-Beta glucose
-1-4 glycosidic bonds
-structure strength for cell wall
-found in plant cell wall
-polymer forms long straight chains . Chains held in parallel by many hydrogen bonds to form fibrils
advanatge of cellulose structure
many hydrogen bonds provide collective strength
-insoluble wont affect water potential
Everything about glycogen
-alpha glucose
-1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds
-store of glucose
-founds in animals mainly in muscle and liver cells
-highly branched molecule
advantage of glycogen being highly branched
increases surface area for rapid hydrolysis back to glucose. polysaccharides are large and therefore Insoluble - wont affect water potential
