polypeptide hydrolysis

Question 1

proteases

Answer 1

digestive enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of peptide bonds

Question 2

nucleophile

Answer 2

an atom with a lone pair of electrons available to share, “nucleus lover”

Question 3

electrophile

Answer 3

electron-deficient groups which accept electrons from nucleophile to create bond, “electron lover”

Question 4

what makes a nucleophile strong or weak

Answer 4

Strong: bases, negatively charged molecules, more lone pairs
weak: acids, few lone pairs

Question 5

How can an atom use its lone pairs if it has them?

Answer 5

• H-bond acceptor
• base if it captures H+
• nucleophile when it shares a lone pair with another electron deficient atom to make a new bond

Question 6

nucleophilic substitution / displacement

Answer 6

incoming nucleophile X attacks target atom C to displace leaving group Y

Question 7

nucleophilic addition

Answer 7

nucleophile X is added to C-Y to form X-C-Y

Question 8

leaving group in nucleophilic displacement of amino acids

Answer 8

atom that is displaced from the main part of molecule, must be able to accept electrons

Question 9

curly arrows

Answer 9

represent movement of electron pair, draw arrows in the direction electrons are moving

Question 10

transition state

Answer 10

intermediate configuration of a molecule where the potential energy has a maximum value

Question 11

Basis of chemical reactivity in hydrolysis

Answer 11

arises from unbalanced valence electrons, polar molecules