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chemistry (paper two) > polymers (topic 7) > Flashcards

polymers (topic 7) Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the name given to a molecule, like ethene, that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer

A

monomer

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2
Q
A
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3
Q

poly(ethene) is the only product of the polymerisation reaction, what type of polymer is poly(ethene)

A

addition polymer

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4
Q

suggest two benefits of using cornstarch instead of poly(ethene) to make carrier bags (2)

A
  • polymers made from cornstarch are biodegradable
  • less space needed in landfill sites
  • polymers from cornstarch come from a renewable source
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5
Q

name the polymer made from butene

A

poly(butene)

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6
Q

what is the general formula for an alkene

A
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7
Q

draw a diagram to represent the polymer made from butene

A
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8
Q

alkanes, such as butane (C4H10), do not form polymers, alkenes, such as butene (C4H8), form polymers, explain why (3)

A
  • alkanes do not have a carbon-carbon double bond
  • alkenes have carbon-carbon double bonds
  • alkenes are able to bond to other molecules
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9
Q

what is meant by polymerisation (2)

A
  • monomers join to form polymers
  • small molecules join to form a polymer
  • or many monomers join to form a polymer
  • or monomers join to form a large molecule
  • or many molecules join together
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10
Q
A
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11
Q

what is meant by the term biodegrade/biodegradable, polymers (2)

A
  • (polymer) breaks down
  • by bacteria
  • can be broken down
  • by microbes
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12
Q

identify the property that prevents addition polymers from easily biodegrading

A

inert

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13
Q

describe two differences between addition polymerisation and condensation polymerisation (4)

A
  • in addition polymerisation monomers react together to form one large molecule
  • and in condensation polymerisation one large molecule and a smaller molecule are formed
    ~~~~~~~~~~
  • a monomer for addition polymerisation has one functional group
  • and a monomer for condensation polymerisation requires two different functional groups
    ~~~~~~~~~~
  • addition polymerisation requires a catalyst
  • and condensation polymerisation can happen without a catalyst
    ~~~~~~~~~~
  • addition polymerisation requires high temperature
  • and condensation polymerisation can happen at room temperature
    ~~~~~~~~~~
  • addition polymerisation requires high pressure
  • and condensation polymerisation can happen at atmospheric pressure
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14
Q
A
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15
Q

name the small molecule produced when ethanediol reacts with butanedioic acid

A

water

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16
Q

what type of polymerisation results in polyester

A

condensation polymerisation

17
Q
A
18
Q

poly(propene) wears out more slowly than wool, a mixture of poly(propene) and wool to make carpets is more sustainable than using just poly(propene) or just wool, give two reasons why (2)

A
  • poly(propene) comes from a non-renewable source
  • poly(propene) requires a lot of energy to make
  • poly(propene) is not biodegradable
  • wool carpet needs replacing more often
  • wool requires the use of large areas of land which could be used to grow food crops
19
Q
A
20
Q

suggest one advantage of using polymers and one advantage of using wood to make window frames (2)

A
  • polymers last a long time
  • wood is renewable
21
Q
A

carboxyl group

22
Q
A

a molecule of water forms each time an amine group reacts with a carboxylic acid group

23
Q

name the monomers from which starch and proteins are produced

A
  • glucose
  • amino acids
24
Q

state the types of synthetic polymers that contain the same linkage as: fats and proteins

A
  • fats: polyester
  • proteins: polyamide (nylon)
25
Q

(6)

A
  • polymer molecules are long chains
  • made up of simple repeating units
    formation of poly(chloroethene) from chloroethene only:
  • addition polymerisation
  • one of the bonds in the double bond in chloroethene molecule breaks
  • chloroethene molecules join together to form a long chain molecule
    formation of polyester from ethane-1,2-diol and ethanedioic acid:
  • condensation polymerisation
  • alcohol group combines with a carboxylic acid group
  • and an ester link formed
  • with a water molecule eliminated
26
Q
A

carbohydrate

27
Q

name the process by which the polymer above is formed, carbohydrate

A

condensation polymerisation

28
Q

compare the polymerisation reaction used to produce poly(ethene) with the polymerisation reaction used to produce a polyester (4)

A
  • poly(ethene) produced by addition polymerisation whereas polyester by condensation polymerisation
  • poly(ethene) produced from one monomer whereas polyester produced from two different monomers
  • poly(ethene) produced from ethene / alkene whereas polyester from a (di)carboxylic acid and a diol/ alcohol
  • poly(ethene) is the only product formed whereas polyester water also produced
  • poly(ethene) repeating unit is a hydrocarbon whereas polyester has an ester linkage
29
Q

what is the minimum number of functional groups that a monomer must have to form a condensation polymer

A

two

30
Q
A
31
Q

state the functional groups in a:
- alcohol molecule
- carboxylic acid molecule

A

alcohol:
-OH (hydroxyl)
carboxylic acid:
-COOH (carboxyl)

32
Q

which term describes a polymer made from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol

A

polyester

33
Q
A
34
Q

describe how to make nylon in a laboratory (3)

A
  • pour hexanedioyl dichloride on top of the diamine solution so that mixing is minimised
  • use of glass rod or pouring down side of beaker to minimise mixing
  • pick up film of nylon at interface of layers with tweezers
  • lifting and drawing out thread of nylon slowly from beaker
  • wash the thread of nylon to remove any corrosive chemicals
35
Q

describe and explain three precautions needed to control the hazards in this experiment (3)

A
  • avoid naked flames or sources of ignition because solvent is highly flammable
  • wear disposable nitrile gloves because reagents are corrosive
  • wear eye protection because reagents are corrosive
  • lab well ventilated because of fumes from chemicals
36
Q
A
  • nylon
  • terylene
37
Q

glycine contains two different functional groups that allow it to undergo polymerisation, what are the two functional groups

A
  • NH2 (amino or amine group)
  • COOH (carboxyl or carboxylic acid group)
38
Q
A
39
Q
A

hydrolysis

chemistry (paper two) (13 decks)

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