alcohols, carboxyllic acids and esters (topic 7)

Question 1

Answer 1

Question 2

write a word equation for the production of ethanol through fermentation

Answer 2

sugar → ethanol + carbon dioxide

Question 3

describe the conditions required for the production of ethanol via fermentation (3)

Answer 3

• addition of yeast
• anaerobic conditions or in the absence of oxygen
• temperature in the range 5°C - 45°C

Question 4

draw the displayed formula of ethanol

Answer 4

Question 5

ethanoic acid can be formed from ethanol, what type of reaction is this

Answer 5

oxidation

Question 6

draw the structure of ethanoic acid to show all the covalent bonds

Answer 6

Question 7

Answer 7

Question 8

describe a test for the gas produced, carbon dioxide (2)

Answer 8

• bubble gas through limewater
• if carbon dioxide is present it will make the limewater go cloudy
  ~~~~~~~~~~
• add limewater to the test tube of gas
• limewater will turn cloudy, showing that it is CO2

Question 9

draw the structure of propanol to show all the covalent bonds

Answer 9

Question 10

give two reasons why methanol, ethanol, propanol and butanol are all part of the same homologous series (2)

Answer 10

• all have the same -OH group or same functional group
• all have the same general formula
• all react similarly with oxygen or all burn to form carbon dioxide and water
• trend in physical properties

Question 11

state one use of propanol

Answer 11

• fuel
• solvent

Question 12

describe the process of producing a carboxylic acid from propanol (2)

Answer 12

• propanol is oxidised
• using an oxidising agent
• to form propanoic acid

Question 13

describe a process for obtaining ethanol (2)

Answer 13

• the fermentation of sugar
• with yeast (produces ethanol and carbon dioxide)
  ~~~~~~~~~~
• reaction of ethene and steam
• with a catalyst

Question 14

draw the structure of ethanoic acid to show the covalent bonds

Answer 14

Question 15

write the word equation for the reaction between ethanoic acid and sodium carbonate

Answer 15

ethanoic acid + sodium carbonate → sodium ethanoate + water + carbon dioxide

Question 16

describe how ethanol can be produced from sugar (3)

Answer 16

• sugar is fermented
• with yeast
• at a temperature between 5°C and 45°C

Question 17

write the balanced chemical equation for the incomplete combustion of ethanol

Answer 17

Question 18

state the name of the poisonous gas that is produced during the incomplete combustion of ethanol

Answer 18

carbon monoxide

Question 19

explain why the gas produced during the incomplete combustion of ethanol is poisonous (1)

Answer 19

prevents blood carrying oxygen or reduces the capacity of the blood to carry oxygen

Question 20

first four alcohols in the alcohol homologous series

Answer 20

Question 21

ethanol can be produced by reacting an alkene with steam, write the chemical equation for this reversible reaction

Answer 21

Question 22

Answer 22

butanol has a higher boiling point than ethanol

Question 23

Answer 23

ester + water

Question 25

bromine and alkene

Answer 25

colourless

Question 26

bromine and alkane

Answer 26

orange