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GCSE - Chemistry > Polymers / Alkenes / Alkanes > Flashcards

Polymers / Alkenes / Alkanes Flashcards

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1
Q

Carboxylic acid functional group

A

COOH

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2
Q

1st 4 members of carboxylic acid group

A 
Methanoic acid
H-C=O
     O-H
Ethanoic acid
Propanoic acid
Butanoic acid
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3
Q

Carboxylic acid properties

A

Dissolve in water to produce an acidic solution
React with carbonate equals CO2
Don’t fully ionise in water, weak acids

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4
Q

What do carboxylic acids react with alcohols to produce

Eg. ethanoic acid + ethanol

A

React with catalyst
Produce Esthers, water is lost
Ethylethanoate + water

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5
Q

Alcohol functional group

A

OH

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6
Q

First four members of alcohol group

A 
Methanol
     H
H-C-O-H
      H
Ethanol
Propanol
Butanol
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7
Q

Alcohol properties

A 
Dissolve in water
Reacts with sodium to produce hydrogen
Burn in air 
Used to make foods, ethanol is an alcoholic drinks
Oxide to make carboxylic acids
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8
Q

How’s soda lime glass made?

A

Heating
sand
sodium carbonate
limestone

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9
Q

How’s borosilicate glass made?

A

Sand
Boron trioxide
Higher melting point the sodalite glass

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10
Q

How are clay ceramics made?

A

Shaping wet clay and heating in furnace

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11
Q

What is thermosetting?

A

Thermosetting polymers consist of polymer chains with cross links between them and so they don’t melt when they’re heated

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12
Q

What can alkanes be used to make

A

Can create polymers such as polythene

Polymerisation reactions, many small molecules (monomers) join together to make polymers

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13
Q

Ethene diagram

A

H H
C=C
H H

(H H)
-(C-C)-
(H H)

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14
Q

What happens when alkenes reacts with oxygen

A

Combustion reactions
burn with smoky flame
incomplete combustion

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15
Q

Alkene + hydrogen /water/halogens reaction

A

Break C=C bond, additions of H on either side

saturated = Alkane

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16
Q

Alkene + water

A

With steam in presence of catalyst

produces alcohol

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17
Q

Alkene + halogen

Eg. Ethene + bromine

A

Saturated compound with two halogen atoms in the molecule

Ethene reacts with bromine to produce dibromoethene

18
Q

What are alkenes

A

Unsaturated hydrocarbons as they have a double carbon carbon bond
Still able to react
Have two less hydrogens
CnH2n

19
Q

First 4 alkene members

A 
Ethene
H   H
C=C
H   H
Propene
Butene
Pentene
20
Q

What size molecules do polymers have

A

Very large molecules

21
Q

How are polymers molecules linked

A

Strong covalent bonds

22
Q

How strong are the intermolecular forces in a polymer

A

Relatively strong so substances are solids at room temp

23
Q

Cracking

A 
Catalytic = temperature of 550° C + aluminium oxide catalyst
Steam = over 800°C + steam
24
Q

Products of cracking

A

1alkene - polymer

1alkane - fuel

25
Q

Test for alkane/alkene

A

Add bromine water to sample, shake and observe if there is a colour change.alkenes react to turn brown solution colourless. Alkanes do not react

26
Q

Why are fuels with small molecules more demanded

A

They burn more efficiently

27
Q

Why’s cracking useful

A

Smaller hydrocarbons are made, they are better fuels (okay)

Polymers are made, plastic crates and ropes (alkene)

28
Q

How are atoms in a polymer molecule are bonded and state at room temperature

A

Strong double carbon bond which are covalent, solid at room temperature has strong IMF forces

29
Q

How are hydrocarbons separated by crude oil

A

Crude oil is heated until it evaporates
Vapour put in fraction in column
Vaporises temperature is higher at the bottom (temperature gradient)
Short chain hydrocarbons have lower boiling points so condense close the top where the temperature is lower
Long chain hydrocarbons have high boiling point so condense the bottom where temperatures are higher
The hydrocarbons condense at points with other hydrocarbons with similar amount of carbons
Many fuel such as petrol diesel and kerosene Are made

30
Q

What is crude oil

A

Crude oil/cold/gas formed over millions of years ago the other means of dead organisms they are finite
Plankton

Mixture of hydrocarbons

31
Q

What is a hydrocarbon

A

Made of only hydrogen and carbon

32
Q

First four members of alkane group

A 
Methane
     H   
H-C-H
      H   
Ethane
      H   H
H-C-C-H
      H   H
Propane
Butane
33
Q

Alkane HomoLogus series

A

CnH2n+2

34
Q

Properties of hydrocarbons (size)

A 
Long chain
Boiling point higher
Darker colour
City of flame
Lower flammability
More viscous
35
Q

Hydrocarbon combustion

A

Hydrogen + oxygen —> CO2 + H2O + energy
exothermic

During combustion carbon and hydrogen are oxidised

36
Q

Incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons

A

Hydrogen + oxygen —> CO+ H2O

Carbon monoxide/carbon produced

37
Q

Uses of hydrocarbon

A 
Fuels
Medicines
Polymer lubricants
Solvents
Medicine
38
Q

What do the properties of polymers depend on

A

What monomer is that made of

39
Q

Low density vs high density polythene

A

Low density = less carbon

high density = more carbon

40
Q

What are most composite made of

A

Two materials
Matrix or binder surrounding
Fibres to reinforcement

41
Q

Polymers that have and reinforce examples

A

Fibreglass
Concrete
Wood

42
Q

Condensation polymerisation

A

Involves monomers with two functional groups
When these types of monomers react they join together usually losing small molecules such as water
That’s why they called conversation reactions

GCSE - Chemistry (5 decks)

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