polymers

Question 1

how does condensation polymerisation work?

Answer 1

1. condensation polymerisation involves monomers which contain different functional group.
2. the monomers react together and bonds form between them making polymer chains.
3. for each new bond a molecule is lost. such as water

Question 2

what are the differences between addition and condensation polymerisation?

Answer 2

addition polymerisation:
only 1 monomer type. with a C=C bond
only 1 product formed.
carbon double bond in monomer.
condensation polymerisation:
2 monomer types with the same functional group or 1 monomer with 2 functional groups.
2 types of product. the polymer and a small molecule
2 reactive groups on each monomer.

Question 3

what is addition polymerisation?

Answer 3

lots of unsaturated molecules alkenes open their double carbon bond and join together to form polymer chains.

Question 4

what functional groups do amino acids contain?

Answer 4

a basic amino group. NH₂
an acidic carboxyl group. COOH

Question 5

what are polypeptides?

Answer 5

a polymer made of amino acids.

Question 6

how are polypeptides formed?

Answer 6

1. the amino group of an amino acid can react with the acid group of another to form a chain. for every bond a molecule of water is lost
2. long chains of polypeptides are known as proteins.

Question 7

what is the structure of DNA like?

Answer 7

1. DNA is made of 2 polymer chains of monomers called nucleotides.
2. each nucleotide contains a molecule called a base. A C G T
3. the bases on the polymer chains pair up with the bases on another chain forming cross links. creating the double helix structure
4. the order of bases acts as code for genes.

Question 8

how can simple sugars form polymers?

Answer 8

1. sugars are molecules that contain carbon oxygen and hydrogen.
2. sugars can react together through polymerisation reactions to form larger polymers.