organic reactions Flashcards
what is an alkene?
unsaturated hydrocarbons that have a double bond between 2 of the carob atoms in the chain.
CₙH₂ₙ
why are alkenes unsaturated?
a double carbon bond means alkenes have 2 less hydrogens compared to alkanes with the same amount of carbon.
what makes alkenes reactive?
the double carbon bond can open up to make a single bond which allows the carbon to bond with other atoms.
what are the first 4 alkenes?
- ethene. C₂H₄
- propene. C₃H₆
- butene. C₄H₈
- pentene. C₅H₁₀
what is the formula for incomplete combustion of a hydrocarbon?
alkene + oxygen → carbon + carbon monoxide + carbon dioxide + water + energy
why does burning alkenes produce smoky yellow flame
incomplete combustion.
what is a functional group?
a group of atoms that determine how a molecule typically reacts. alkenes are C=C
what is an addition reaction?
the double carbon bond opens up and a new atom is added to each carbon.
what is hydrogenation?
the addition of hydrogen to a alkene. the double carbon bond opens up
what is formed when alkenes react with steam?
alcohol.
what happens when halogens react with alkenes?
the double carbon bond opens to bond to a halogen atom.
what are polymers made of?
lots of molecules monomers joined together. this reaction is called polymerisation
what are plastics made of?
polymers.
what is addition polymerisation?
lots of unsaturated molecules alkenes open their double carbon bond and join together to form polymer chains.
how do you draw the repeating unit of a polymer?
- draw 2 alkene carbons with a single bond to eachother.
- fill in the rest of the bonds.
- surround everything in brackets and put an n outside.
what is the formula for an alcohol?
CₙH₂ₙ₊₁OH
how do you name a polymer?
the type of monomer with poly on the front.
how do you name an alcohol?
replace the final e with ol
what are the first 4 alcohols?
- methanol. CH₃OH
- ethanol. C₂H₅OH
- propanol. C₃H₇OH
- butanol. C₄H₉OH
what are the first 4 alcohols used for?
fuels.
how is ethanol made with fermentation?
- an enzyme in yeast converts sugar to ethanol.
sugar → ethanol + carbon dioxide - fermentation happens fastest at ~37°c.
what is the functional group of carboxylic acids?
COOH.
what is the functional group of alcohols?
OH.
how do you name a carboxylic acid?
end the name with anoic acid
