Polymers Flashcards
How can alkenes form new bonds
The carbon-carbon double bond can break making the carbon have new single bonds
polymerisastion conditions
- High pressure
- Catalyst
How to name a polymer
poly(monomer)
What are polymers
a large molecule that is made from multiple smaller monomers.
Plastics are made from?
polymers
Addition polymers made from?
made from unsaturated monomers (alkene)
Condensation polymers
a polymer that involves monomers which contain different functional groups
What are the monomers to make polyesters
Dicarboxylic acid and monomer and diol monomer
Diol monomer
a monomer with 2 alcohol functional groups
What is the byproduct of polyester
Water
Dimer
Only 2 monomers combined
are polyesters not biodegradable
no, they are beacuse the ester links can be broken down by microoraganisms
Name 3 Naturally occuring polymers
- Polypeptides (amino acids)
- DNA (nucleotides)
- Carbohydrates (sugars)
Polypeptide
When folded up or combine with other polypeptides it becomes a protein
Range of proteins functions
- catalysing chemical reactions as enzymes
- Providing structure and strength to tissue
Structure of amino acids
- Carboxyl group (-COOH-)
- Amino group (- NHH-)
These 2 groups always joined together by a central carbon - R group (Depends which amino acid it is)
Amino acid condensation polymerisation
Allow adjacent amino acids to join together by remocing the OH from COOH and H from NHH
- Forming water as a byproduct
DNA monomers
Nucleotides
How are DNA prevented from getting damaged
2 polymer chains link together at a double helix
Carbohydrate elements
- Carbon
- Hydrogren
- Oxygen
Carbohydrate polymers
- Starch
- Cellulose
- Glycogen
Carbohydrtaes monomers
- Glucose
- Fructose
