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Chemistry for Engineers > Polymers > Flashcards

Polymers Flashcards

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1
Q

Chemical compounds with large molecules bonded together in long, repeating chains.

A

Polymers

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2
Q

Sequentially bonding repeating units in polymers.

A

Monomers

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3
Q

Polymers offer physical properties such as _____ and _____ that can be desirable in a wide range of uses.

A

Strength, Elasticity

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4
Q

Polymers properties can be _____ or _____ to a greater degree (compared to metals or other classes of materials).

A

Controlled, Tailored

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5
Q

Interactions between chains of a polymer lead elements of _____ to the structure of polymers.

A

Order

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6
Q

Stretching the polymer chains as they form can _____ the amount of order, leading to a degree of crystallinity of the polymer.

A

Increase

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7
Q

_____ the polymer chains lead to a degree of crystallinity of the polymer.

A

Stretching

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8
Q

Different degree of _____ can lead to polymers of the same substance that have very different physical properties.

A

Crystallinity

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9
Q

Chemically bonding chains of polymers to each other can _____ and _____ the substance.

A

Stiffen, Strengthen

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10
Q

The average number of repeating units in the polymer chain.

A

Degree of Polymerization

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11
Q

Product of the degree of polymerization and the molecular weight of the repeating unit.

A

Molecular Weight of a Polymer

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12
Q

Polymers in which the chains fold and make lamellar structure arranged in the regular manner.

A

Crystalline Polymers

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13
Q

Polymers in which the chains are in the irregular manner.

A

Amorphous Polymers

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14
Q

A state when the amorphous region of the polymer is at lower temperature.

A

Glassy State

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15
Q

When a polymer is in glassy state, it is
_____ , _____ , and ______.

A

Brittle, Hard, Rigid

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16
Q

A state when the polymer is heated.

A

Rubbery State

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17
Q

When a polymer is in rubbery state, it becomes _____ and _____.

A

Soft, Flexible

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18
Q

Temperature at which glassy state makes a transition to rubbery state.

A

Glass Transition Temperature (Tg)

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19
Q

Glass Transition Temperature (Tg) is a property of the _____ materials, or the amorphous region of a ______ materials.

A

Amorphous, Semicrystalline

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20
Q

Amount of stress required to break the sample.

A

Strength

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21
Q

Measures the percentage change in the length of the material before fracture.

A

Percent Elongation to Break (Ultimate Elongation)

22
Q

Measures the stiffness of the material.

A

Young’s Modulus (Modulus of Elasticity or Tensile Modulus)

23
Q

_____ polymers are polymers that occur naturally and exists in living things in nature.

A

Natural

24
Q

_____ polymers are man-made polymers made in laboratory through chemical processes.

A

Synthetic

25
Q

The types of polymer (based on the structure of their monomer chain) are _____ , _____ , and _____.

A

Linear, Branched, Cross-Linked

26
Q

The types of polymers are _____ , _____ , and _____.

A

Thermoplastics, Thermosetting Polymers, Elastomers

27
Q

Polymers that melt or deform on heating. (can be repeatedly soften by heating and then solidifies by cooling)

A

Thermoplastics

28
Q

Molecules in a thermoplastic are held together by relatively _____ intermolecular forces.

A

Weak

29
Q

Polymers that offer increased strength upon heating, and will retain their form and stay solid even under heat.

A

Thermosetting Polymers

30
Q

Polymers that can be stretched easily to several times their length and which rapidly return to their original dimensions when the applied stress is released.

A

Elastomers

31
Q

The process of creating synthetic polymers by combining small monomer molecules into chains held together by covalent bonds.

A

Polymerization

32
Q

In _____ polymerization, small monomer units joined to form a giant polymer.

A

Addition

33
Q

Addition polymerization begins with the generation of a _____ , which is normally accomplished by heating a molecule.

A

Free Radical

34
Q

In addition polymerization, the free radical repeatedly attacks the _____ bond in a monomer molecule, forming a new radical that now includes one monomer unit.

A

Double

35
Q

In _____ polymerization, it involves the elimination of a small molecule, usually water, as each monomer is added to the growing chain.

A

Condensation

36
Q

In condensation polymerization, there must be two _____ groups on the monomer, which can react together to form small molecules.

A

Functional

37
Q

Condensation polymers are made by joining two subunits through a reaction in which a smaller molecule (often water) is also formed as a by-product. These are also called _____.

A

Copolymers

38
Q

_____ copolymers are arranged in a regular,
alternating series.

A

Alternating

39
Q

_____ copolymers has regions in the material where a single monomer unit is repeated,
interspersed with other regions where a different monomer is the repeating unit.

A

Block

40
Q

In block copolymers, some regions are relatively _____ , whereas others are _____.

A

Stiff, Flexible

41
Q

_____ copolymers involve side chains of one polymer attached to a backbone of a different polymer.

A

Graft

42
Q

In graft copolymers, both _____ and _____ are attached to a _____ backbone.

A

Butadiene, Acrylonitrile, Polystyrene

43
Q

A thermoplastic made from monomer ethylene. It is soft, flexible and melts at a low temperature.

A

Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE)

44
Q

A thermoplastic made from petroleum. It has a higher chemical resistance and can withstand higher temperature.

A

High-Density Polyethylene
(HDPE)

45
Q

Thermoplastic polymer used in various applications due to its good chemical resistance.

A

Polypropylene (PP)

46
Q

The third-most widely produced plastic that is cheaper and stronger than traditional alternatives such as copper or ductile iron.

A

Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)

47
Q

An aromatic polymer made from the monomer styrene, it has very slow biodegradation

A

Polystyrene (PS)

48
Q

A family of synthetic polymers known
genetically as polyamides.

A

Nylon, Nylon 6, Nylon 66

49
Q

The amide backbone present in nylon causes
it to be more _____ unlike hydrocarbon polymers.

A

Hydrophilic

50
Q

Synthetic fluoropolymer of tetrafluoroethylene.

A

Teflon (Polytetrafluoroethylene)

51
Q

Thermoplastic elastomer consisting of linear segmented block copolymers.

A

Thermoplastic Polyurethanes (TPU)

52
Q

Plastic with the lowest coefficient of friction.

A

Teflon (Polytetrafluoroethylene)

Chemistry for Engineers (5 decks)

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