Nuclear Chemistry

Question 1

_____ is the study of the chemical and physical properties of elements as influenced by changes in the structure of the atomic nucleus.

Answer 1

Nuclear Chemistry

Question 2

Changes in the structure of the atomic nucleus are the source of radioactivity and _____.

Answer 2

Nuclear Power

Question 3

The nucleus is comprised of the two nucleons, ____ and _____.

Answer 3

Protons, Neutrons

Question 4

Atomic number = no. of _____ or the no. of _____.

Answer 4

Protons, Electrons

Question 5

Mass number = no. of _____ + no. of _____.

Answer 5

Protons, Neutrons

Question 6

_____ are atoms that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Answer 6

Isotopes

Question 7

Who discovered that uranium emitted radiation?

Answer 7

Henri Becquerel

Question 8

Who found that radiation was proportional to the amount of radioactive element present?

Answer 8

Marie Curie

Question 9

Who proposed that radiation was a property of atoms?

Answer 9

Marie Curie

Question 10

Who proposed the theory that radioactivity is the result of a natural change of an isotope of one element into an isotope of a different element?

Answer 10

Frederick Soddy

Question 11

A force that combines the effects of electrical charge and magnetism. This causes oppositely charged particles to attract each other while like particles to repel each other.

Answer 11

Electromagnetic Force

Question 12

A force that oppose the electromagnetic force of repulsion between protons.

Answer 12

Strong Nuclear Force

Question 13

A force that is responsible for stabilizing particles through the process of radioactive decay.

Answer 13

Weak Nuclear Force

Question 14

_____ elements seek stability by breaking into smaller masses.

Answer 14

Radioactive

Question 15

_____ is the spontaneous and continual decay or disintegration of certain atoms, with the release of radiation and enormous amount of energy.

Answer 15

Radioactivity

Question 16

_____ decay is the loss of an α-particle (a helium nucleus).

Answer 16

Alpha

Question 17

_____ decay is the loss of a β-particle (a high energy electron).

Answer 17

Beta

Question 18

In beta decay, neutron changes into _____ and _____.

Answer 18

Proton, Electron

Question 19

_____ is a particle that has the same mass but an opposite charge to that of an electron.

Answer 19

Positron

Question 20

_____ decay is the loss of a γ-ray, which is high energy radiation that almost always accompanies the loss of a nuclear particle.

Answer 20

Gamma

Question 21

Addition of an electron to a proton in the nucleus to create a neutron is known as ________.

Answer 21

Electron Capture / K-Capture

Question 22

All element except _____ will have repulsions between the protons in the nucleus.

Answer 22

Hydrogen

Question 23

_____ play a key role in stabilizing the nucleus.

Answer 23

Neutrons

Question 24

For smaller nuclei with atomic number less than or equal to __ , they are stable and have a neutron-to-proton ratio close to 1:1.

Answer 24

20

Question 25

Nuclei that have too many neutrons tend to decay through ____.

Answer 25

Beta Decay

Question 26

Nuclei that have too many protons tend to become more stable by _____ or _____.

Answer 26

Positron Emission, Electron Capture

Question 27

There are no stable nuclei with an atomic number greater than __.

Answer 27

83

Question 28

Nuclei with such large atomic numbers tend to decay through _____.

Answer 28

Alpha Decay

Question 29

Nuclei with an even number of protons and neutrons tend to be more _____ than nuclides that have odd numbers of these nucleons.

Answer 29

Stable

Question 30

Formula for 1st-Order Reaction:

Answer 30

ln (Nf/Ni) = -kt

Question 31

Formula for Half-Life

Answer 31

t(1/2) = 0.693/k

Question 32

Device that measures the amount of activity present in a radioactive sample.

Answer 32

Geiger Counter

Question 33

_____ is a method used to determine the age of materials based on the known decay rate of radioactive isotopes.

Answer 33

Radiometric Dating

Question 34

3 common methods of radiometric dating are _____ , _____ , and ______.

Answer 34

Carbon-14, Potassium-Argon dating, Uranium-Lead dating.

Question 35

Nuclei with 2, 8, 20, 28, 50, or 82 _____ tend to be more stable that nuclides with a different number of nucleons.

Answer 35

Protons

Question 36

Nuclei with 2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82, or 126 _____ tend to be more stable that nuclides with a different number of nucleons

Answer 36

Neutrons

Question 37

_____ is the transformation/conversion of one element into another by a nuclear reaction.

Answer 37

Nuclear Transmutation

Question 38

Device that smash atoms or particles together to induced nuclear transmutations.

Answer 38

Particle Accelerator

Question 39

A type of particle accelerator that uses electromagnetic fields to propel charged particles to high speeds and to contain them in well-defined beams.

Answer 39

Electrostatic Field accelerator

Question 40

A type of particle accelerator that uses radio frequency electromagnetic fields to circumvent the breakdown problem.

Answer 40

Oscillating Field accelerator

Question 41

_____ takes place when a large, somewhat unstable isotope is bombarded by high-speed particles, usually neutrons.

Answer 41

Nuclear Fission

Question 42

This is the type of reaction carried out in nuclear reactors.

Answer 42

Nuclear Fission

Question 43

_____ is a certain minimum amount of fissionable material present for the chain reaction to be sustained.

Answer 43

Critical Mass

Question 44

_____ is the union of atomic nuclei to form heavier nuclei resulting in the release of enormous amounts of energy.

Answer 44

Nuclear Fusion

Question 45

Fusion takes place when two low-mass isotopes, typically isotopes of hydrogen, unite under conditions of extreme _____ and ______.

Answer 45

Pressure, Temperature

Question 46

There are __% source of natural radiation and __% source of artificial radiation.

Answer 46

82%, 18%

Question 47

Fusion is what powers the _____.

Answer 47

Sun

Question 48

The products of the reaction in nuclear fusion are not _____.

Answer 48

Radioactive