polymerisation Flashcards
what is condensation
small molecule eliminated to form a larger molecule, usually H2O eliminated
what properties do monomers that form condensation polymers have
each has 2 functional groups
what linkage in polyester
ester linkage
what molecule is eliminated in formation of a polyester
H2O
what are the two monomers which form a polyester
diol and dicarboxylic acid or a molecule with both alcohol and a carboxylic acid functional groups
generic repeating unit for polyester
O O
! ! ! !
- O- A - O - C - B - C -
which monomers is terylene made from
benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid
ethane-1,2-diol
which monomers is terylene made from
benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid
ethane-1,2-diol
which monomers is terylene made from
benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid
ethane-1,2-diol
draw repeating unit of terylene
google i cant do that lmao
what is terylene used for
fibre for making clothes
what is linkage in a polyamide
peptide linkage
which molecule is eliminated when a polyamide is formed
H2O
what are the two monomers used to form a polyamide
diamine and dicarboxylic acid
examples of polyamides
nylon and kevlar
which monomers is nylon-6,6 made from
1,6-diaminohexane and hexanedioic acid
draw repeating unit of nylon-6,6
H O O
! ! ! ! !
N - (CH2)4 - N - C - (CH2)4 - C
if you make nylon in a lab, what monomers would you use and what is eliminated
use hexane-1,6-diacyl chloride as the rate of reaction is much faster
HCl is eliminated
what is kevlar used for
in body armour - bullet proof vests etc
helmets e.g. F1 helmets
oven gloves
which monomers is kevlar made from
1,4-diaminobenzene and benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid
why is kevlar so strong
rigid chains and close packing of flat aromatic rings
what are polypeptides and what is the linkage
made up from amino acid monomers
same linkage as polyamides
repeating unit of a polypeptide
peptide linkage
why are poly(alkenes) not biodegradable
non-polar C-H and C-C bonds
why is it bad to burn poly(alkenes)
releases CO2, CO, C (soot) and other toxic chemicals from monomers
where do most poly(alkenes) end up
landfill sites
why are condensation polymers be broken down
they have polar bonds
how are condensation polymers broken down
hydrolysis (opposite of condensation)
why does hydrolysis not happen in normal conditions
very slow rate in standard conditions
what are the four stages needed when recycling polymers
collected –> sorted –> melted –> reformed
advantages of recycling polymers
saves expense of crude oil and preserves a non-renewable resource
reduces landfill
disadvantages of recycling polymers
energy and manpower is needed for collecting, sorting and melting the polymers, making it expensive
can only be done a limited number of times
difference between addition and condensation polymerisation
condensation makes the polymer and eliminates a small molecule; addition polymerisation breaks C=C to form only one product
explain hydrogen bonding between polyamides
- both C=O and N-H are polar bonds, as N’s electronegativity > H’s and O’s electronegativity > C’s
- hydrogen bonding between H delta positive and O delta negative in different molecules
- uses the lone pair of electrons on the O atom
