polymerisation

Question 1

what is condensation

Answer 1

small molecule eliminated to form a larger molecule, usually H2O eliminated

Question 2

what properties do monomers that form condensation polymers have

Answer 2

each has 2 functional groups

Question 3

what linkage in polyester

Answer 3

ester linkage

Question 4

what molecule is eliminated in formation of a polyester

Answer 4

H2O

Question 5

what are the two monomers which form a polyester

Answer 5

diol and dicarboxylic acid or a molecule with both alcohol and a carboxylic acid functional groups

Question 6

generic repeating unit for polyester

Answer 6

O O
! ! ! !
- O- A - O - C - B - C -

Question 7

which monomers is terylene made from

Answer 7

benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid

ethane-1,2-diol

Question 7

which monomers is terylene made from

Answer 7

benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid

ethane-1,2-diol

Question 7

which monomers is terylene made from

Answer 7

benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid

ethane-1,2-diol

Question 8

draw repeating unit of terylene

Answer 8

google i cant do that lmao

Question 9

what is terylene used for

Answer 9

fibre for making clothes

Question 10

what is linkage in a polyamide

Answer 10

peptide linkage

Question 11

which molecule is eliminated when a polyamide is formed

Answer 11

H2O

Question 12

what are the two monomers used to form a polyamide

Answer 12

diamine and dicarboxylic acid

Question 13

examples of polyamides

Answer 13

nylon and kevlar

Question 14

which monomers is nylon-6,6 made from

Answer 14

1,6-diaminohexane and hexanedioic acid

Question 15

draw repeating unit of nylon-6,6

Answer 15

H O O
! ! ! ! !
N - (CH2)4 - N - C - (CH2)4 - C

Question 16

if you make nylon in a lab, what monomers would you use and what is eliminated

Answer 16

use hexane-1,6-diacyl chloride as the rate of reaction is much faster

HCl is eliminated

Question 17

what is kevlar used for

Answer 17

in body armour - bullet proof vests etc
helmets e.g. F1 helmets
oven gloves

Question 18

which monomers is kevlar made from

Answer 18

1,4-diaminobenzene and benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid

Question 19

why is kevlar so strong

Answer 19

rigid chains and close packing of flat aromatic rings

Question 20

what are polypeptides and what is the linkage

Answer 20

made up from amino acid monomers
same linkage as polyamides

Question 21

repeating unit of a polypeptide

Answer 21

peptide linkage

Question 22

why are poly(alkenes) not biodegradable

Answer 22

non-polar C-H and C-C bonds

Question 23

why is it bad to burn poly(alkenes)

Answer 23

releases CO2, CO, C (soot) and other toxic chemicals from monomers

Question 24

where do most poly(alkenes) end up

Answer 24

landfill sites

Question 25

why are condensation polymers be broken down

Answer 25

they have polar bonds

Question 26

how are condensation polymers broken down

Answer 26

hydrolysis (opposite of condensation)

Question 27

why does hydrolysis not happen in normal conditions

Answer 27

very slow rate in standard conditions

Question 28

what are the four stages needed when recycling polymers

Answer 28

collected –> sorted –> melted –> reformed

Question 29

advantages of recycling polymers

Answer 29

saves expense of crude oil and preserves a non-renewable resource

reduces landfill

Question 30

disadvantages of recycling polymers

Answer 30

energy and manpower is needed for collecting, sorting and melting the polymers, making it expensive

can only be done a limited number of times

Question 31

difference between addition and condensation polymerisation

Answer 31

condensation makes the polymer and eliminates a small molecule; addition polymerisation breaks C=C to form only one product

Question 32

explain hydrogen bonding between polyamides

Answer 32

• both C=O and N-H are polar bonds, as N’s electronegativity > H’s and O’s electronegativity > C’s
• hydrogen bonding between H delta positive and O delta negative in different molecules
• uses the lone pair of electrons on the O atom