aldehydes and ketones Flashcards
carbonyl group
C=O
what is the general formula of aldehyde
RCHO
functional group for ketone
C=O in the middle of a carbon chain
how to name aldehydes
-al suffix
how to name ketones
-one suffix
what kind of intermolecular forces do molecules with carbonyl group have
permanent dipole-dipole due to C=O
how soluble are they in water
yes as form hydrogen bonds between water molecules and oxygen of C=O
which bond in carbonyl compounds is usually involved in reactions and why
C=O due to polarity of bond
what is the strongest bond in carbonyl compounds
C=O
why is addition of HCN important
increases length of carbon chain by one carbon atom - very useful
will product of HCN added to a carbonyl compound have optical isomers
yes
aldehyde/ketone, carbonyl carbon is planar so the :CN- can attack from either above or below, forming two enantiomers
what is the name of the product when HCN is added to a carbonyl compound
hydroxynitriles (both OH and CN groups)
what is Fehling’s solution and what colour
copper complex ions
blue colour
what happens when aldehyde is added to brick red ppt
reduced to Cu+ ions –> colour change to brick red ppt
what happens when a ketone is added to Fehling’s solution
no visible change –> stays blue
