Polymer I

Question 1

State the type of reaction of alkanes and its products with its respective reagents and conditions.

Answer 1

• Substitution to form halogenoalkanes
  Reagents & Conditions: Cl2 with excess alkane, UV light or sunlight or heat

Question 2

State the type of reaction of alkenes and its products with its respective reagents and conditions.

Answer 2

• Addition to form halogenoalkanes
  Reagents & Conditions: Br2 in CCl4, in the dark
  (orange solution decolourises)
• Reduction to form alkane
  Reagents & Conditions: H2 (g) with Pt or Pd catalyst at room temperature OR heat with H2 (g) and Ni catalyst

Question 3

State the type of reaction of halogenoalkanes and its products with its respective reagents and conditions.

Answer 3

• Substitution to form alcohols
  Reagents & Conditions: NaOH (aq), heat
• Elimination to form alkene
  Reagents & Conditions: NaOH (alc), heat

Question 4

State the type of reaction of alcohols and its products with its respective reagents and conditions.

Answer 4

• 1° alcohol undergo oxidation to form carboxylic acid
• 2° alcohol undergo oxidation to form ketone
  Reagents & Conditions: KMnO4 in H2SO4 (aq), heat OR K2Cr2O7 in H2SO4 (aq), heat
• Elimination to form alkene
  Reagents & Conditions: Heat with excess concentrated H2SO4 or Al2O3 (s)

H2SO4 is a drying agent.

Question 5

State the type of reaction of carboxyl compounds (aldehydes/ketones) and its products with its respective reagents and conditions.

Answer 5

• Aldehydes undergo reduction to form 1° alcohols
• Ketones undergo reduction to form 2° alcohols
  Reagents and Conditions:
• Aldehydes undergo oxidation to form carboxylic acids
  Reagents and Conditions:

Ketones cannot be oxidised.

Question 6

State the type of reaction of carboxylic acids with its reagents and conditions.

Question 7

State the type of reaction of esters with its reagents and conditions.

Question 8

State the type of reaction of amides with its reagents and conditions.

Question 9

What is a major and minor product and how do we find it?

Answer 9

• Occurs when alkenes are formed from halogenoalkanes/alcohols
• Major product is produced in larger quantities than minor product.
• Major product contains more alkyl groups (CH3) attached to the affected carbon in the double bond

Question 10

Name the sequence for number of C atoms in longest C chain.

Answer 10

1: meth-
2: eth-
3: prop-
4: but-
5: pent-
6: hex-
7: hept-
8: oct-
9: non-
10: dec-

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Question 11

State the two requirements for cis-trans isomerism.

Answer 11

• Restricted rotation due to C=C double bond
• Two different groups attached to each C of C=C