Polyagglutination Flashcards
What is polyagglutination?
Agglutination of altered RBCs by the majority of normal serum
Polyagglutination is a phenomenon that occurs when normal serum reacts with altered red blood cells (RBCs).
What causes the alteration of RBCs in polyagglutination?
Bacterial enzymes or congenital disorders reveal cryptantigens
These alterations can occur due to various factors that expose cryptantigens on the RBC surface.
What are polyagglutinins?
Polyagglutinins are antibodies that react with altered RBCs, typically of the IgM class.
IgM and naturally occurring
How are cryptantigens identified?
Using a panel of lectins
Lectins are proteins that bind to specific carbohydrates and are used in the laboratory to identify different cryptantigens.
What are examples of microbial induced polyagglutination?
I, Th, Tk, Tx, Acquired B, and VA
These are specific types of polyagglutination that occur due to microbial influences.
What is Tn polyagglutination associated with?
A stem cell mutation
Tn polyagglutination is linked to genetic changes at the stem cell level affecting RBC antigens.
What are some inherited forms of polyagglutination?
Cad, Hemoglobin M-Hyde Park, HEMPAS, and NOR
These inherited conditions result in the expression of cryptantigens that lead to polyagglutination.
What are the different types of polyagglutination?
Microbial induced (acquired), stem cell mutation, & inherited
What type of polyagglutination is associated with Pneumocci, Vibrio cholera, & Clostridium perfringes?
T
What type of polyagglutination is associated with Clostridia, Bacteroides, E. coli, Proteus
Th
What type of polyagglutination is associated with Bacteroides fragilis, Serratia marcescens, Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans?
Tk
What type of polyagglutination is only associated with Pneumococci?
Tx
What type of polyagglutination is only associated with E. coli?
Acquired B
What type of polyagglutination is associated with the enzyme neuraminidase?
T & Th
What type of polyagglutination is associated with the enzyme deacetylase?
Acquired B
What type of polyagglutination is associated with Endo & Exo beta-galactosidase?
Tk
Tn polyagglutination is associated with the lack of what enzyme?
Then is associated with the lack of beta-3-delta-galactosyl transferase. It is the mutation of hematopoietic tissue.
T activation of red cells is caused by the action of _________, which is produced by Clostridium perfringes.
a. Amylase
b. Lactase
c. Peptidase
d. Neuraminidase
Neuraminidase
Anti-Nor is what class of immunoglobulin?
IgM
The following reactions are consistent with which type of polyagglutination: glycine soja - positive
arachnid hypogaea - positive
dilochos biflorus - negative
salvia sclarea - negative
salvia horminum - negative
T is positive with glycine soja & arachnid hypogaea.
The following reactions are consistent with which type of polyagglutination: glycine soja - negative
arachnid hypogaea - positive
dilochos biflorus - negative
salvia sclarea - negative
salvia horminum - negative
polybrene - positive
Th is positive with arachnid hypogaea & polybrene.
The following reactions are consistent with which type of polyagglutination: glycine soja - positive
arachnid hypogaea - negative
dilochos biflorus - positive
salvia sclarea - positive
salvia horminum - positive
polybrene - positive
Tn is reactive with
glycine soja
dilochos biflorus
salvia sclarea
salvia horminum
polybrene
What type of polyagglutination is positive with anti-Sda?
Cad
What type of polyagglutination is positive with Griffonia simplifolia ?
Tk
How should someone with polyagglutinatinable red cells be transfused?
They should be transfused with washed RBCs.
What substance acts by binding to carbohydrate determinants and agglutinating red cells by reacting with cell surface oligosaccharides?
Lectins
Why are newborns not affected by hemolysis associated with polyagglutination?
Maternal IgM antibodies don’t cross placenta
A patient with T polyagglutination lacks what in their sera?
anti-T
Differentiate polyagglutination from panagglutination.
Polyagglutination is agglutination of altered red cells by ABO compatible adult (normal) human serum.
Panagglutination is when all cells are positive including the autocontrol
