Polmunary Structure and Function Flashcards
What graph is commonly used to illustrate the saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen at various PO2 values?
Oxyhaemoglobin Dissociation Curve
Ventilatory adjustments to exercise are augmented via this:
A. peripheral sensory input from chemo and mechanoreceptors in joints and muscles
B. changes in PCO2 and changes in H+ concentration
C. cortical activation
All of the Above
Bicarbonate buffer consists of weak acid, called _____, and the salt of that acid, called sodium bicarbonate.
Carbonic Acid
What are two neural feedback mechanisms which originate in the skeletal muscle and contribute to cardiorespiratory regulation via their action on the cardiorespiratory area?
The metaboreceptors and mechanoreceptors
The process in which ambient air moves into and exchanges with the air in the lungs is called?
Pulmonary ventilation
The phenomenon of increased dissociation of oxygen with hemoglobin at a lower PO2 is explained by?
The Bohr effect
This signifies when blood lactate concentration shows a systematic increase equal to 4.0 mM.
Onset of Blood Lactate accumulation
Which of the following exerts the greatest control of pulmonary ventilation?
The chemical state of the blood
Alveolar PO2 can drop as low as ___ and hemoglobin still remains 90% saturated.
60 mm Hg
What is the normal breathing rate during quiet breathing at rest averages
12 breaths per minute
The volume of air breathed each minute is called ___?
Minute ventilation
Athletes have larger lung volumes because exercise training increases all aspects of pulmonary function.
True or False?
False
Under resting conditions, tidal volume (TV.) usually ranges between?
.4-1.0 L of air per breath
The point at which pulmonary ventilation increases disproportionately with oxygen consumption during graded exercise is described as?
Ventilatory Threshold
What technique provides better alveolar ventilation for an athlete during exercise?
Deeper breathing to increase tidal volume
An increase in the a-vO2 difference during exercise means that a larger percentage of the available oxygen is being extracted from blood as it passes through the muscle beds.
True or False?
True
While the amount of CO2 that dissolves in the blood is small (5%.), it is important because?
It establishes the PCO2 of the blood
Concerning the exercise hyperpnea that occurs during moderate exercise performed at sea level:
A. It is due, to a great extent, to central command “spill over” from neurons that pass through the medulla.
B. Is fine tuned by input originating from central and peripheral chemoreceptors.
C.Is influenced by changes in PO2.
A and B
Concerning lactate threshold:
It is that point during progressive exercise where there is a disproportionate increase in blood lactate
Which of the following often occurs even before exercise begins?
A. Increase in heart rate.
B. Increase in hydrogen ion concentration.
C. Increase in ventilation.
A and C
During exercise in a normal environment performed at sea level, carotid artery chemoreceptors mostly respond to?
Hydrogen ion excess
What is the effect of a dramatic drop in PO2 in the working muscle cell?
More O2 dissociates with hemoglobin
