Polmunary Structure and Function

Question 1

What graph is commonly used to illustrate the saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen at various PO2 values?

Answer 1

Oxyhaemoglobin Dissociation Curve

Question 2

Ventilatory adjustments to exercise are augmented via this:

A. peripheral sensory input from chemo and mechanoreceptors in joints and muscles

B. changes in PCO2 and changes in H+ concentration

C. cortical activation

Answer 2

All of the Above

Question 3

Bicarbonate buffer consists of weak acid, called _____, and the salt of that acid, called sodium bicarbonate.

Answer 3

Carbonic Acid

Question 4

What are two neural feedback mechanisms which originate in the skeletal muscle and contribute to cardiorespiratory regulation via their action on the cardiorespiratory area?

Answer 4

The metaboreceptors and mechanoreceptors

Question 5

The process in which ambient air moves into and exchanges with the air in the lungs is called?

Answer 5

Pulmonary ventilation

Question 6

The phenomenon of increased dissociation of oxygen with hemoglobin at a lower PO2 is explained by?

Answer 6

The Bohr effect

Question 7

This signifies when blood lactate concentration shows a systematic increase equal to 4.0 mM.

Answer 7

Onset of Blood Lactate accumulation

Question 8

Which of the following exerts the greatest control of pulmonary ventilation?

Answer 8

The chemical state of the blood

Question 9

Alveolar PO2 can drop as low as ___ and hemoglobin still remains 90% saturated.

Answer 9

60 mm Hg

Question 10

What is the normal breathing rate during quiet breathing at rest averages

Answer 10

12 breaths per minute

Question 11

The volume of air breathed each minute is called ___?

Answer 11

Minute ventilation

Question 12

Athletes have larger lung volumes because exercise training increases all aspects of pulmonary function.

True or False?

Answer 12

False

Question 13

Under resting conditions, tidal volume (TV.) usually ranges between?

Answer 13

.4-1.0 L of air per breath

Question 14

The point at which pulmonary ventilation increases disproportionately with oxygen consumption during graded exercise is described as?

Answer 14

Ventilatory Threshold

Question 15

What technique provides better alveolar ventilation for an athlete during exercise?

Answer 15

Deeper breathing to increase tidal volume

Question 16

An increase in the a-vO2 difference during exercise means that a larger percentage of the available oxygen is being extracted from blood as it passes through the muscle beds.

True or False?

Answer 16

True

Question 17

While the amount of CO2 that dissolves in the blood is small (5%.), it is important because?

Answer 17

It establishes the PCO2 of the blood

Question 18

Concerning the exercise hyperpnea that occurs during moderate exercise performed at sea level:

A. It is due, to a great extent, to central command “spill over” from neurons that pass through the medulla.

B. Is fine tuned by input originating from central and peripheral chemoreceptors.

C.Is influenced by changes in PO2.

Answer 18

A and B

Question 19

Concerning lactate threshold:

Answer 19

It is that point during progressive exercise where there is a disproportionate increase in blood lactate

Question 20

Which of the following often occurs even before exercise begins?

A. Increase in heart rate.

B. Increase in hydrogen ion concentration.

C. Increase in ventilation.

Answer 20

A and C

Question 21

During exercise in a normal environment performed at sea level, carotid artery chemoreceptors mostly respond to?

Answer 21

Hydrogen ion excess

Question 22

What is the effect of a dramatic drop in PO2 in the working muscle cell?

Answer 22

More O2 dissociates with hemoglobin