Cardiovascular functions

Question 1

During dynamic exercise, the predominate stimulus initiating cardiovascular responses is increased activity from the muscle metaboreceptors.

True or False?

Answer 1

False

Question 2

In addition to the effect that sympathetic stimulation has on the myocardium, it also affects blood flow throughout the body by which of the following vasomotor actions?

A. vasodilution

B. vasodilation

C. vasoconstriction

D. none of the above

Answer 2

Vasoconstriction

Question 3

What is preload as it relates to the cardiac cycle?

A. Preload is the amount of blood that is ejected from the heart during systole.

B. Preload is the resistance to ejection that the heart faces during systole.

C. Preload is the amount of blood in the left ventricle after the filling phase of the cardiac cycle.

D. None of the above

Answer 3

Preload is the amount of blood in the left ventricle after the filling phase of the cardiac cycle.

Question 4

During low to moderate-intensity exercise, heart rate is increased by?

A.inhibition of parasympathetic stimulation.

B. activation of sympathetic stimulation

C. both A and B

D. neither A or B

Answer 4

inhibition of parasympathetic stimulation

Question 5

Mean arterial pressure during exercise:

A. Lies half-way between the systolic and diastolic pressures and can be computed as the mathematical mean of these two measures.

B. Can be estimated as one-third pulse pressure plus diastolic blood pressure.

C. Generally increases with exercise.

D. A and C

E. B and C

Answer 5

B and C

Question 6

The cardiovascular control center is responsible for regulating which major functions of the cardiovascular system?

A. hearts output of blood

B. preferential distribution of blood to the tissues

C. elimination of carbon dioxide from the blood

D. both A and B

Answer 6

Hearts output of Blood and preferential distribution of blood to the tissues.

Question 7

At rest, increased arterial blood pressure is compensated for by:

Decreased heart rate.

Decreased stroke volume.

Decreased total systemic peripheral resistance.

All of the above.

None of the above.

Answer 7

All of the above.

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of a peripheral receptor that sends feedback to the cardiovascular center?

chemoreceptor

baroreceptor

mechanoreceptor

all of the above

Answer 8

all of the above

Question 9

Which of the following can provoke NO (nitric oxide) synthesis and release from the vascular endothelium?

A. sheering stress

B. vessel stretch from blood flow

C. stimuli from neurotransmitters

D. all of the above

Answer 9

all of the above

Question 10

During maximum exercise by healthy men and women, systolic blood pressure may increase to _____ mm Hg.

Answer 10

> 200 mm Hg

Question 11

During bouts of aerobic exercise, what changes happen to heart rate and myocardial contractility?

Answer 11

increase

Question 12

Which of the following variables is most noted to have a downward displacement when the situation of cardiovascular drift is present?

Answer 12

stroke volume

Question 13

The most important factors in regulating blood flow in the intact human include:

Answer 13

Pressure gradient and vessel radius.

Question 14

At rest, what is the normal value of oxygen carried in one litre of arterial blood?

Answer 14

200mL

Question 15

Cardiac output during exercise regarding T and UT athletes.

Answer 15

Is higher in a well-trained athlete vs. untrained subjects at maximal work levels.

Question 16

Endurance athletes achieve higher cardiac outputs through large increases in which variable of the cardiac output formula?

Answer 16

stroke volume

Question 17

Resting stroke volume for untrained and trained persons are about the same.

True or Flase?

Answer 17

False

Question 18

The inherent rhythmicity or beating of the heart is approximately how many beats per minute?

Answer 18

100 beats

Question 19

What is central commands function?

Answer 19

Controls parasympathetic tone to the heart.

Question 20

When one begins to exercise what happens to the value of a-vO2 difference from rest towards maximal exercise?

Answer 20

increases

Question 21

Which of the following statements would be true for sub-maximal exercise that is achieved through arm ergometry?

Answer 21

Arm exercise has higher oxygen consumption demands than leg exercise at sub-maximal levels.

Question 22

During low to moderate-intensity exercise, heart rate is increased by?

Answer 22

inhibition of parasympathetic stimulation.

Question 23

The Fick equation expresses the relationship between cardiac output, _______, and a-vO2 difference

Answer 23

VO2

Question 24

During exercise __________ activity to the myocardium __________ causing an __________ in heart rate.

Answer 24

Sympathetic, increases, increase.

Question 25

A trained athlete has a lower resting cardiac output than does an untrained person.

Answer 25

False

Question 26

Nitric Oxide causes what changes in blood vessels?

Answer 26

vasodilation and decreased vascular resistance

Question 27

During whole body strenuous dynamic exercise the arterial baroreceptor reflex:

Answer 27

Is reset to a higher operating point.

Question 28

During bouts of exercise, there is a shunting of blood towards active tissues. However, certain areas cannot compromise their blood supply. Which of the following areas would not be able to compromise its supply?

Answer 28

heart and brain

Question 29

A decrease in stroke volume (supply) during increased aerobic work can lead to the development of what condition of the myocardium?

Answer 29

myocardial ischemia