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EOOW Oral Prep > Pollution Prevention > Flashcards

Pollution Prevention Flashcards

1
Q

When is it permissible to discharge oil overboard?

A

When not doing so would put the safety of the vessel or personnel at risk.

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2
Q

What convention deals with pollution prevention?

A

The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships. (MARPOL)

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3
Q

What are the annexes of MARPOL?

A

Annex I - Prevention of Pollution by Oil
Annex II - Control of Pollution by Noxious Liquid Substances in Bulk
Annex III - Prevention of Pollution by Harmful Substances Carried by Sea in Packaged Form
Annex IV - Prevention of Pollution by Sewage from ships
Annex V - Prevention of Pollution by Garbage from Ships
Annex VI - Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships

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4
Q

What does Annex I contain?

A

1) Special tanks for sludge and tank protection.
2) Oil filtering equipment including ORB.
3) Control of discharge of oil and segregation of tanks.
4) Construction specifications for oil tankers.
5) Requirements for cargo areas of tankers.
6) SOPEP.
7) Oil transfer between tankers at sea.
8) Requirements in polar waters.

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5
Q

What are the requirements for discharge of bilge water?

A

1) Ship is en-route.
2) Passed through filtering equipment.
3) Oil content without dilution does not exceed 15ppm.
4) Oil mixture does not originate from cargo pump room bilges.
5) Not mixed with oil cargo residues.

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6
Q

What does Annex II contain?

A

1) Categorising of substances.
2) Design and construction of equipment.
3) Cargo record book.
4) Port state controls.
5) Reception facilities.
6) Shipboard Marine Pollution Emergency Plan.
7) Verification of compliance.

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7
Q

How are the categories of noxious liquid substances divided?

A

1) Category X - Major hazard
2) Category Y - Hazard
3) Category Z - Minor hazard
4) Other - Present not harm

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8
Q

What does Annex III contain?

A

Correct packing, labelling, documentation, stowage and quantity limitations.

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9
Q

What does Annex IV contain?

A

1) Sewage systems and control of discharge.
2) Reception facilities
3) Port state control

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10
Q

What sewage plants can be onboard a vessel?

A

1) Sewage treatment plant approved by the Administration.
2) Sewage comminuting and disinfecting system approved by the administration with facilities for temporary storage of sewage when the ship is less than 3 NM from land.
3) Holding tank of the capacity approved by the administration regarding the operation of the ship and number of persons with a means to visually inspect all contents.

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11
Q

For a sewage plant to be approved, what standards should it meet?

A

Recommendation on international effluent standards and guidelines for performance tests for sewage treatment plants.

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12
Q

What does Annex V contain?

A

1) Areas for garbage discharge
2) Garbage record keeping
3) Polar waters

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13
Q

What are the regulations on garbage discharge?

A

1) Food wastes that have been grinded 3 NM from land.
2) Food wastes not grinded 12 NM.
3) Cargo residues that cannot be recovered and are not harmful 12 NM.
4) Animal carcasses as far away from land as possible.

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14
Q

What does Annex VI contain?

A

1) Emission requirements for NOx, SOx, VOCs, particulate matter and Ozone Depleting Substances
2) Fuel availability and quality.
3) Energy efficiency.
4) Detection of violations and enforcement.
5) Garbage record book for incineration.

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15
Q

What substances are prohibited for incineration?

A

1) Residues of cargoes from Annex I, II and III.
2) Polychlorinated biphenyls.
3) Garbage containing more than traces of heavy metals.
4) Refined petroleum products containing halogen compounds.
5) Sewage sludge and sludge oil that are not generated on ship.
6) Exhaust gas cleaning system residues.

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16
Q

What ae the Annex I ECAs?

A

1) Mediterranean sea
2) Baltic sea
3) Black sea
4) Red sea
5) Gulf
6) Gulf of Aden
7) Antarctic
8) North-West European Waters
9) Oman area of the Arabian Sea
10) Southern South African Waters

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17
Q

What are the Annex II ECAs?

A

1) Antarctic Sea

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18
Q

What are the Annex IV ECAs?

A

1) Baltic Sea

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19
Q

What are the Annex V ECAs?

A

1) Mediterranean Sea
2) Baltic Sea
3) Black Sea
4) Red Sea
5) Gulf
6) North Sea
7) Antarctic Area
8) Wider Caribbean Region including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Seas

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20
Q

What are the Annex VI ECAs and what are the limits placed on them?

A

1) Baltic Sea (SOx, NOx)
2) North Sea (SOx, NOx)
3) North American ECA (SOx, PM, NOx)
4) United States Caribbean Sea ECA (SOx, PM, NOx)

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21
Q

How can you reduce the effect of air pollution when in port?

A

1) Switch to low-sulphur fuel.
2) Turn engines off as soon as is safe to do so.
3) Utilise shore-side power
4) Use scrubbers.

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22
Q

How are nitrogen oxides generated in combustion?

A

The heat from combustion acts as a catalyst which binds the Nitrogen and Oxygen.

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23
Q

What are ways to reduce NOx emissions on ship?

A

1) Exhaust gas recirculation - Reduces oxygen content of air.
2) Water injection - Reduces the temperature of combustion.
3) High scavenge pressure and compression ratio - Lower combustion temperature.
4) Selective catalytic reduction - 90-95% reduction exhaust gas mixed by water solution of urea and passed through catalytic reactor. Requires low sulphur fuel and exhaust gas over 300 degrees.

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24
Q

What can happen if the ship is seen with black smoke?

A

Can lead to inspections and detention of the ships as it violates MARPOL Annex VI.

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25
Q

What does SOPEP stand for?

A

Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan

26
Q

What ships are required to have a SOPEP plan?

A

1) All tankers over 150GT
2) All vessels over 400GT

27
Q

What equipment should be in the SOPEP locker?

A

1) Oil dispersant
2) Sawdust
3) Rags
4) Absorbent pads
5) Oil kit bags
6) Scoops
7) Shovel
8) Brooms & brushes
9) Buckets
10) Drums
11) Rubber suits / boots / gloves
12) Wilden pump with hoses

28
Q

Where is discharge of oil or oil mixtures (bilge) prohibited?

A

Antarctic area

29
Q

Where is it prohibited to discharge sewage?

A

Passenger ships in the Baltic Sea.

30
Q

What effluent standards should a sewage treatment plant abide to?

A

1) Thermotolerant Coliform Standard (100/100ml)
2) Total Suspended Solids (TSS) Standard
3) Biochemical oxygen demand without nitrification and chemical oxygen demand
4) pH (6-8.5)

31
Q

What are the additional requirements for a sewage treatment plant on a passenger ship?

A

1) Nitrogen and phosphorous removal standard

32
Q

What are the NOx ECA’s?

A

1) North American ECA
2) US Caribbean Sea ECA
3) Baltic Sea ECA
4) North Sea ECA

33
Q

What are the Tier I NOx regulations?

A

1 January 2000

1) 17g/kWh when N<130
2) 45 * N^-0.2 g/kWh when 130<N<2000
3) 9.8g/kWh when N>2000

34
Q

What are the Tier II NOx regulations?

A

1 January 2011

1) 14.4g/kWh when N<130
2) 44 * N^-0.23 g/kWh when 130<N<2000
3) 7.7g/kWh when N>2000

35
Q

What are the Tier III NOx regulations?

A

1 January 2016 - North American or US Caribbean Sea
1 January 2021 - Baltic Sea or North Sea

1) 3.4g/kWh when N<130
2) 9 * N^-0.2 g/kWh when 130<N<2000
3) 2g/kWh when N>2000

36
Q

What are the SOx ECA’s?

A

1) Baltic Sea
2) North Sea
3) North American ECA
4) US Caribbean Sea ECA

37
Q

What are the main parts to a sewage treatment plant on a ship?

A

1) Screen filter
2) Biofilter
3) Settling/sedimentation chamber
4) Activated carbon
5) Chlorinator
6) Air blower
7) Discharge pump

38
Q

What does the screen filter do in a STP?

A

Fitted for the first inlet and removed non-sewage items that can clog the system.

39
Q

What does the biofilter do in a STP?

A

Part of the aeration chamber that treats sewage with the air bubbles from the blower by breaking down organic matter.

40
Q

What does the settling/sedimentation chamber do in a STP?

A

The mixture is separated to water in the middle, sediment on the top, and heavy waste at the bottom. The untreated items will return into the biofilter reactor.

41
Q

What does the activated carbon do in a STP?

A

Removed Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) by filtering and absorption. Also helps with suspended solids.

42
Q

What does the chlorinator do in a STP?

A

Tablet or chemical dosing the sterilise the effluent.

43
Q

What does the air blower do in a STP?

A

Supplies air to form the microorganism in the biofilter reactor.

44
Q

What are the level switches in a STP?

A

High level starts the discharge.
Low level stops the discharge.
High level alarms shows too much in the tank and could be indicative of a sensor or pump failure.

45
Q

What are the 3 main stages of a STP?

A

1) Aeration chamber
2) Settling tank
3) Chlorination and collection

46
Q

Precautions for efficient operation of STP?

A

1) Aeration blower is installed to run continuously. Do not stop.
2) Do not throw foreign substances into toilets.
3) Never use unauthorised chemicals to clean toilets.
4) Grey water inlet pipe placed lower than the water level inside STP to decrease foam generation.
5) pH of samples 6-8.5
6) Nitrite content not to exceed 10mg/ltr NO2

47
Q

What is a Particularly Sensitive Sea Area?

A

A Particularly Sensitive Sea Area (PSSA) is an area that needs special protection through action by IMO because of its significance for recognized ecological or socio-economic or scientific reasons and which may be vulnerable to damage by international maritime activities.

48
Q

What does code A mean in the ORB?

A

Cleaning or ballasting of fuel oil tanks

49
Q

What does code B mean in the ORB?

A

Discharge of dirty ballast or cleaning water from oil fuel tanks

50
Q

What does code C mean in the ORB?

A

Collection and disposal of oil residues

51
Q

What does code D mean in the ORB?

A

Non-automatic discharge overboard through ODME

52
Q

What does code E mean in the ORB?

A

Automatic discharge overboard through ODME

53
Q

What does code F mean in the ORB?

A

Condition of oil discharge monitoring and control system

54
Q

What does code G mean in the ORB?

A

Accidental discharges of oil

55
Q

What does code H mean in the ORB?

A

Bunkering of fuel or bulk lubricating oil

56
Q

What does code I mean in the ORB?

A

Additional operational procedures and general remarks

57
Q

What is the D-1 Ballast Method?

A

Exchange

95% pump out of ballast by 3x volume at 200NM away from shore at 200m depth.

58
Q

What is the D-2 Ballast Method?

A

Treatment system

Filter & UV to maintain water bacteria level.

59
Q

What is the D-4 Ballast Method?

A

Porotype treatment equipment

60
Q

What does the Bunker Delivery Note include?

A

1) Name and IMO number of ship.
2) Port.
3) Date and commencement of delivery.
4) Name, address and number of supplier.
5) Product name.
6) Quantity in metric tons.
7) Density at 15 degrees.
8) Sulphur content.
9) Declaration signed and certified by supplier that it is compliant fuel.

61
Q

How long should the BDN and oil samples be retained.

A

BDN 3 years

Sample 12 months or until fuel is consumed, whichever is greater.

62
Q

How long should the ORB be kept on board?

A

At least 3 years after last entry.

EOOW Oral Prep (29 decks)

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