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Environment > Pollution > Flashcards

Pollution Flashcards

1
Q

acid precipitation

A

acid rail, hail, snow, result of pollution in atmosphere

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2
Q

acute effect

A

the effect caused by a short exposure to high levels of toxins

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3
Q

catalytic converter

A

a platinum coasted device that oxidizes most of the VOCs and some of the CO that would otherwise be emitted in exhaust, converting to CO2

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4
Q

closed-loop recycling

A

when materials such as plastic or aluminum are used to rebuild the same product. aluminum cans

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5
Q

composting

A

a process that allows the organic material in solid waste to be composed and reintroduced into the soil, often as fertilizers

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6
Q

building-related illness

A

sings/symptoms are attributed to infectious organisms in buildings

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7
Q

chronic effect

A

results from long-term exposure to low levels of toxins

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8
Q

deep well injection

A

drilling a hole below the water table to hold waste

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9
Q

disease

A

infection causes a change in health state

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10
Q

dose-response analysis

A

a precess in which an organism is exposed to a toxin a different concentrations, the dosage causes the death of the organism is recorded

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11
Q

ED50

A

the point where 50% of test organisms show a negate effect of a toxin (effective dose)

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12
Q

global warming

A

an intensification of the Greenhouse Effect due to the increased presence of heat-trapping gasses in the atmosphere

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13
Q

gray smog/industrial

A

resulting from emissions from industry and burning of fossil fuels

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14
Q

hazardous waste

A

waste that poses a danger to human health, must be dealt with in a different way from other types

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15
Q

heat islands

A

urban areas that heat up more quickly and retain heat better than non urban areas

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16
Q

high-level radioactive waste

A

radioactive wastes that produce high levels of ionizing radiation

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17
Q

infection

A

the result of a pathogen invasion

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18
Q

LD50

A

the point where 50% of organisms dies from toxin (lethal dose)

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19
Q

leachate

A

liquid that percolates to the bottom of a landfill

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20
Q

low-level radioactive waste

A

produce low levels of ionizing radiation

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21
Q

noise pollution

A

any noise that causes stress or has the potential to damage human health

22
Q

non-point source pollution

A

does not have a specific point of release

23
Q

open-loop recycling

A

materials are reused to form new products

24
Q

ozone holes

A

thinning of ozone over Antarctica, somewhat Arctic

25
pathogens
bacteria, virus, or other microorganisms that can cause disease
26
photochemical smog
usually formed on sunny days when NOx compounds, VOCs, and azine combine to form smog with a brownish hue
27
point source pollution
a specific location from which pollution is released, factory burring wood
28
poison
any substance that has an LD50 of 50mg or less per kg of body weight
29
physical treatment
initial filtration that is done to remove stones, sticks, rags, toys and other debris from a toilet
30
primary pollutants
released directly into lower atmosphere
31
primary treatment
physically treated sewage water is passed into a settling tank, where suspended solids settle out as sludge, chemically treated polymers ay be added to help the suspended solids separate and settle
32
risk assessment
calculating risk, or likelihood that a person will become ill upon exposure to toxin and pathogen
33
risk management
using strategies to reduce the amount of risk
34
secondary treatment
biological treatment of wastewater in order to continue to remove biodegradable waste
35
sick building syndrome
a condition in which the majority of a building's occupants experience symptoms that vary with amount of time spent in the building, without being able to identify a specified cause or illness
36
sludge
solids that remain after secondary treatment in sewage
37
solid waste
hazardous waste, industrial solid waste, or municipal waste
38
stationary sources
non-moving sources of pollution, such as factories
39
Superfund Program
a program funded by the federal government and a trust that's funded by taxes on chemical, identifies pollutants and cleans up hazardous waste sites
40
threshold dose
the dosage level of a toxin at which a negative effect occurs
41
toxicity
the degree to which a substance is biologically harmful
42
toxin
any substance that is inhaled, ingested or absorbed at dosages sufficient to dame a living organism
43
tropospheric ozone
ozone that exists in the troposphere
44
U.S. Noise Control Act
gave the EPA power to set emission standards for major sources of noise, including transportation, machinery and construction
45
vector
the carrier organism throughout which pathogens can attack, such as a tick
46
wastewater
any water used by humans; including sewage, showers, tubs, sinks, dishwashers, washing machines, water from industrial processes and storm runoff
47
Waste-to-Energy (WTE) program
when the energy released from waste incineration is used to generate electricity
48
green tax
a fiscal policy that lowers taxes on income, including wages and profit, and raises taxes on consumption, particularly the unsustainable consumption of non-remnewable resources
49
market permits
when companies are allowed to buy permits that allow them a certain amount of discharge of substances into certain environmental outlets, if they can reduce their amount of discharge, they are allowed to sell the remaining portion of their permit to another company
50
Dirty half dozen
CO, Pb, ozone (O3), NO2, SO2, particulates

Environment (7 decks)

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