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My Patho Cards > Poll EV questions > Flashcards

Poll EV questions Flashcards

1
Q

Which volume remains in the lungs after a tidal volume is expired?

A

Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)

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2
Q

When a person is standing, blood flow in the lungs is?

A

highest at the bases b/c this is where the difference b/w arterial and venous pressures are the greatest

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3
Q

Which of the following is true during inspiration?

A

Intrapleural pressure is relatively negative compared to atmospheric pressure

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4
Q

Which of the following is the site of highest airway resistance?

A

Smaller bronchi

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5
Q

A 49 yo man has a pulm embolism that completely blocks blood flow to his left lung. As a result, which of the following will occur?

A

Alveolar PO2 in the left lung will be approximately equal to the PO2 in inspired air

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6
Q

PNA would have which effect on the diffusion of oxygen in the lungs?

A

Decrease the diffusion limit thus dec oxygen sat

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7
Q

Which of the following tends to inc airway resistance?

A

Low lung volumes
Forced expirations
Breathing through pursed lips
Increased mucous secretions
Decreased surfactant production

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8
Q

A 12 yo boy has a severe asthmatic attack w/ wheezing. He experiences rapid breathing and becomes cyanotic. His arterial PO2 is 60mmHG and and his PCO2 is 30mmHg. Which of the following statements about this pt is most likely to be true?

A

His arterial PCO2 is lower than normal b/c hypoxemia is causing him to hyperventilate

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9
Q

Compared with the apex of the lung, the base of the lung has

A

A higher pulm cap PCO2

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10
Q

Hypoxemia produces hyperventilation by a direct effect on the?

A

Carotid and Aortic Body Chemoreceptors

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11
Q

In the transport of CO2 from the tissues tot the lungs, which of the following occurs in venous blood?

A

Conversion of CO2and H2O to H+ and HCO3 in the RBCs

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12
Q

Sympathetic stimulation of bronchioles results in which of the following?

A

Bronchiolar smooth muscle dilation

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13
Q

Which of the following is responsible for keeping the lungs insufflated during the respiratory cycle?

A

Tethering of the lungs to the chest wall by the pleura
Increasing atmospheric pressure

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14
Q

Which of the following are reasonable explanations for a patient’s decreased pulm compliance?

A

Decreased surfactant production
Fibrosis of the lungs
Atelectasis (collapse) of the lung

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15
Q

Which of the following is true concerning pulmonary mechanics during the early portion of expiration when lung volume is still high?

A

The effective pressure gradient for airflow is greater at high lung volumes than it is at low lung volumes

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16
Q

Which of the following is the best explanation for a patient breathing at lower FRC?

A

Third trimester pregnancy
Obesity
Rib fracture
Pulmonary fibrosis

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17
Q

Which of the following situations would be expected to lead to an increase amount of the lung under Zone 1 conditions?

A

Positive pressure ventilation
Changing from supine to upright position

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18
Q

Which of the following is least likely to cause resp insufficiency in a 1 month old child who was healthy at birth?

A

Insufficient surfactant production

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19
Q

Which of the following best describes the role of resp tract ciliated epithelium?

A

Removing air-borne particles

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20
Q

Most CO2 is transported through the blood in which of the following ways?

A

Conversion to carbonic acid (H2CO3)

This is a weak base

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21
Q

What is the role of the conducting airways?

A

To move air to/from the alveoli

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22
Q

Look at CXR examples or other pictures

A
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23
Q

Which of the following pulm disorders is caused by mucous gland hypertrophy and mucous hypersecretion, thickening of bronchiolar walls, and loss of respiratory cilia?

A

Chronic bronchitis

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24
Q

2 weeks following a Left anterior MI, a pt presents with dyspnea w/o fever. CXR shows a bilateral pleural effusion. What is the physiologic cause of this effusion?

A

Increased pulm capillary hydrostatic pressure

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25
Q

A 60 yo female states that she has had worsening dyspnea over the last month, w/ fever and pleuritic pain for the past 5 days. Thoracentesis of a pleural effusion shows high protein, low glucose, low pH and many WBC. What is the best diagnosis?

A

Empyema

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26
Q

Which of the following d/o results in reversible bronchoconstriction?

A

Asthma

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27
Q

A 19 yo man is brought to the ED post MVA. His chest is expanded, R breath sounds are absent, and his tracheal is shifting to the left. What is the most precise diagnosis?

A

Tension Pneumothorax

28
Q

A 43 yo male complains of dyspnea, fever, and cough with purulent sputum. CXR is pictured. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Bacterial lobar PNA

29
Q

A 43 yo pt (36 pack year Hx) returns 6 weeks after his LLL PNA was treated. He states that he improved for a week but his symptoms returned (dyspnea, fever, cough with purulent sputum. CXR is pictured. What is your diagnosis?

A

Pulmonary abscess

30
Q

A 69 yo limestone quarry worker presents with 1-2 years of worsening dyspnea. He has a 42 year cigarette smoking history with no other contributory history. Spirometry shows a restrictive patter. Which is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Pneumoconiosis

31
Q

Which of the following will most likely reveal the cause of emphysema in a 23 yo cigarette smoker?

A

Serum A1-antitrypsin

32
Q

A 69 yo make presents with 3 years of worsening dyspnea. He has no hx of contributing d/o or exposures. Spirometry shows a restrictive pattern. Which of the following is most likely?

A

Idiopathic pulm fibrosis

33
Q

A “restrictive” patter in spirometry is best characterized by which of the following findings?

A

Reduced FVC

34
Q

Your pt fractures left ribs 5-7 along the anterior axillary line in a MVA. Three hours after the injury she complains of increasing dyspnea. Based on this history and the CXR below, what is/are the most likely diagnoses?

A

Hemothorax and Compression atelectasis

35
Q

An “obstructive” patter in spirometry is best characterized by which of the following?

A

Reduced FEV1

36
Q

Which of the following is always associated with asthma?

A

Bronchoconstriction

37
Q

Which of the following terms best describes accumulation of a clear, amber fluid within the pleural space?

A

Hydrothorax

38
Q

This disorder is associated with pulmonary bulla and risk for pneumothorax.

A

Emphysema

39
Q

A patient with chronic bronchitis was treated twice over the past year for Right middle lobe PNA. He now states that the sputum he coughs up each morning is yellow and smells bad. What is the probable cause of these new symptoms?

A

Bronchiectasis

40
Q

Which of the following pulmonary complaints is a common consequence of thrombi forming in the large, deep veins of the legs?

A

Pulmonary embolus

41
Q

Renal peritubular capillaries most directly get their blood flow from which of the following?

A

Efferent arterioles

42
Q

Which of the following blood solutes is normally prevented by the glomerular membrane from entering the glomerular UF?

A

Proteins

43
Q

Which of the following would increase the glomerular filtration rate?

A

-Efferent arteriolar constriction
-Afferent arteriolar dilation
-Increased cardiac output

44
Q

Which of the following would cause the cells of the JGA to secrete renin?

A

Decreased GFR
Decreased UF Na

45
Q

Compound X is found to be at a concentration of 100ml/dL in the plasma. It is freely filtered and has a renal threshold of 150mg/dL. Which of the following describes if the compound is found to be at a concentration of 80mg/dL at the end of the PCT?

A

Reabsorption

46
Q

Which of the following portions of the nephron is impermeable to water?

A

Ascending loop
Distal tubule

47
Q

Aldosterone secretion by the adrenal cortex results in which of the following within the distal tubule?

A

Na reabsorption

48
Q

A pt presents with a posterior pituitary tumor that secretes excess ADH. Which effect will this have on your patients urine?

A

Production of low volumes of concentrated urine

49
Q

Your patient has a really low oxygen content and you determine she is anemic. Which of the following is most likely responsible for these findings?

A

Reduced EPO secretion due to kidney failure

50
Q

Which of the following is the the main determinant of the filterability of plasma solutes?

A

Podocytes
Glomerular basement membrane

51
Q

A 28 yo woman presents to the her PCP with fatigue, malaise, and orthostatic dizziness. Her serum creatinine is elevated. Which of the following is most likely to produce an increase in GFR in pts with ARF?

A

Dilation of the afferent arterioles

52
Q

A 24 yo man w/ a hx of renal insufficiency is admitted to the hospital after taking a large amount of ibuprofen. His BUN is 150mg/dL. His high BUN would be most likely caused by which of the following?

A

Decreased GFR

53
Q

Which of the following is not under physiologic control on a moment to moment basis?

A

Selectivity of the filtration barrier

54
Q

If the thick ascending limb stopped secreting Na, then the final urine would be?

A

Dilute

55
Q

A study of renal disease identifies pt w/ greater than 3.5g of protein in a 24 hour urine collection. Dysfunction involving which of the following renal cortical cells is most likely to be responsible for proteinuria?

A

Visceral Epithelium

56
Q

Ms. F is 28 weeks pregnant. BMP today shows Cr at 0.4mg/dL while for the past several years it has averaged b/w 0.6 and 0.7mg/dL. Why is this happening?

A

GRF increases in pregnancy

57
Q

Your pt developed AKI 3 days ago and is now oliguric. What is the next stage of AKI as the pt moves towards recovery?

A

Diuresis

58
Q

A 32 yo female pt presents with UTI S/S. This is the 4th UTI she has been treated for in the past 8 months. In addition to a UA with C&S you order a KUB. The film is shown below. What is the most likely cause of her recurrent UTIs?

A

Magnesium ammonium phosphate stone

59
Q

Your 43 yo female pt presents w/ a 4 day hx of increased urinary frequency, dysuria, fever and chills. UA is positive 5-10 RBC/HPF, TNTC leukocytes/HPF, TNTC rods/HPF, and 3-5 leukocytes casts per LPF. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Pyelonephritis

60
Q

Your pt presents with new onset hematuria, red cell cast, proteinuria (1.3g/dL), edema, azotemia, oliguria. Which of the following best describes the disease process occurring in this patient?

A

Glomerulonephritis

61
Q

A 63 yo male with a 10 hour hx of urinary retention has a measured BUN of 25mg/dL (normal 6:22) and Cr of 1.09mg/dL (normal : 0.3-0.7). Which of the following best describes these abnormalities?

A

Post-renal azotemia

62
Q

A 12 yo male was found unconscious at t home. Arterial blood assessment shows the following result: ph=7.28, HCO3=12 mEq/L, CO2=28. Is there an acid base disturbance and if so what is the disturbance?

A

Partially compensated metabolic acidosis

63
Q

Which of the following is the enzyme responsible for converting CO2 and H2O to H2CO3?

A

Carbonic anhydrase

64
Q

Your 25 yo pt with poorly controlled DM-Type 1 presents with hematuria and proteinuria. Microscopic examination of the urine shows the following casts (RBC casts). What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Nephritic kidney disease (Glomerulonephritis)

65
Q

ACUTE glomerular injury most commonly occurs due to which of the following mechanisms?

A

Immune hypersensitivity rxns (ex. antibody-antigen complex deposition

66
Q

Focal glomerulosclerosis has which of the following effects?

A

Inc blood flow to unaffected glomerular capillaries
Results in systemic hypertension

My Patho Cards (6 decks)

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