politics paper 1 flashcards
participation crisis ?
voting =2019=67.3 down by 1.5%=well below over countries like DUTCH elections that has 89% outcome =disparitys between classes voting =68% high income earners casting ballot low income 53 =less faith in politicans =Johnson scandal =FPTP makes people feel vote doesnt count 2023 by election public =im fed up with these elections
but=2001-2017 GE turnout increased=2019 blip due to weather =not voting can be a method of protest as seen in 2017 French elections where people feel neither option suits them=high turnout were people feel vote actually counts =indy ref 85%=EU ref 72 engage when clear stakes and
industrial action
PG/protests
should there be state funding for parties
would reduce politicans reliance on corrupt special interest groups =Labour 3/4 funds TU= Conservatives big business=Eccelstone =Kwasi Kwarteng hancellor Kwasi Kwarteng reportedly met with hedge fund managers for a champagne reception just hours after his mini-Budget. The financiers are said to have egged on Mr Kwarteng to go further with his ambitious tax cutting plans – sparking fears that those present could have made money from the resulting crash in the value of the pound. +2023 Sunak and oil companies gave Shell and BP announced the granting of new oil and gas licences. as they support conservatives HOWEVER=
Help break two party dominance=2019, the Conservative Party accounted for just under two-thirds of all donations (19.4m, 35% less than in 2017), followed by the Labour Party (£5.4m, 47% less) and the Liberal Democrats (£1.3m, 64% less).= this is due to the fact backed by powerful people=Boris Johnson at the wheel of a JCB, a polystyrene wall smashed, his ‘Get Brexit Done’ slogan in the mechanical shovel.
JC Bamford Excavators Limited has given just over £2.5m in the last two years. Lord Bamford, the chairman of the family owned company, has personally given £100,000 since 2010, when the Conservatives returned to government. He became a Conservative peer in 2013. meanwhile =e SNP received two donations with a total value of just under £25,000=greens 245,000 HOWEVER=may be in bais and further enforce 2 party system =based on seat numbers=2007 Phillips report=pence per voter formula serve 2 parties=short money and cranbourne reward parties more seats=parties like UKIP and Greens little MP suffer funding wise
current laws weak=For example cash for questions scandal=Hamilton smith took money from owners Harrods to ask questions PMQS=election and ref act 2000=doesnt stop people giving bulk money despite the fact they have to declare it=
gov attitudes most important determinant of pressure group success
insider groups=use private contacts=private healtcare companies helped draft controversial health +social care act they gained off=institute of economic affairs=truss budget=finical pressure=Nissian threat to leave UK Brexit=finaicial help=OUTSIDE GROUPS LACK THESE=direct action =strikes 2023 did not lead to pay rise=insider groups can fail=CBI opposed brexit 2023 sexual assault issues cut ties 2023=outsider can influence Liberty repeal covid act 2021 =STILL ALL RELIANT ON GOV OPINION AND POLICY
resources=larger membership more money run offices pay staff=RSPCA employes 1600=important in suggesting has public opinion=forefront changes animal welfare laws=But tactics expertise =CND=110,000 members under Thatcher but still ignored as passive participatants =2023 RMT union Mike Lynch =e petitions to get gov attention as they have to be disscused =scrapping tampon tax=VAT gone
public support=public opinion usually successful=snowdrop marcus rashford=lack support means more likley to be taken by gov=countryside alliance ban fox hunting=67 dont want monarchy=extitction rebellion polcie act=gov attitdues matter more=2013 badger cull+ Tories did not shift net zero 2050 despite ER calls to do so
PG serve democracy
participation
