Politics and Protest Flashcards
What does the concept “community” mean according to Shepherd and Withington?
expression of collective identity by groups of people
What role did the Church play in communities?
- central focus of most rural communities was the parish (territorial unit within the Church)
- most early modern European were Christians
What does the term presentism mean?
an attitude towards the past dominated by present-day attitudes and experiences
What are the features of the modern state?
- Depersonalized
- Centralized
- Sovereign (not under the power of a greater force)
- Developed bureaucracy and administration
- Defined territory
- Recognized by others
How did England develop during this period in regards to ‘the state’?
- War of the Roses (1455-1485): power shifts from land-owning nobles to the monarch therefore becoming centralized
- English Reformation: Monarch become the head of the Church so power no longer with the Pope, therefore becomes more sovereign
- Renaissance and development of bureaucratic class (secretaries, statesmen): Development of bureaucracy and administration (‘new men’ and ‘humanists’
- England loose land holdings in France after the loss of Calais 1558-defined territory
- English Civil War, Glorious Revolution 17th century: constitutional monarchy -the person of the monarch becomes less important- Recognized by others
What are the three different types of monarchies?
- personal monarchy
- Absolute monarchy (absolutism)
- Constitutional monarchy
What is a personal monarchy?
- monarch directly involved in ruling, apex of social and political hierarchy
- public offices held on commission from the crown
- power often received through ‘proximity’ to the person of the monarch
- government conducted on behalf of the monarch rather than the ‘state’
- personality of the monarch plays important role in political affairs
Example of a personal monarch?
King Henry VIII
What is a absolute monarchy (absolutism)?
- all authority and sovereign vested in a single individual who is not checked
- challenged or balanced by an other source of authority
Example of a absolute monarch?
Louis XIV (1638-1715)
What is a constitutional monarchy?
- monarch shares power with a constitutionally organised government, and may only be a ceremonial leader
- power shared with the legislative and judiciary
Example of a constitutional monarch?
England (Elizabeth II)
What does the term ‘empire’ mean?
an extensive territory or number of territories under single domination or control
What areas of Europe does Charles V rule over in the 16th century?
- Duke of Burgandy
- Ruler of the Netherlands
- Heir to Habsburg dominions in Austria and Southern Germany
- 1519 becomes Holy Roman Emperor
What does the term ‘republic’ mean?
a government in which supreme power resides in a body of citizens entitled to vote and is exercised by elected officials and representatives responsible to them and governing according to law
