Political Theory: Modern & Equality

Question 1

Define “Liberalism”

Answer 1

In traditional liberalism, freedom and equality were value in rather narrow and legal terms

• Freedom was understood primarily as liberty; or as the absence of legal interference
• Equality was seen mainly as equality before the law

Question 2

What are some of the traditional ideas of Freedom & Liberty?

Answer 2

• John stuart mills work “on liberty” 1859
• The harm principle
• Liberty was somewhat legal and institutional, it suggested a minimal rule of the state (or government) in peoples lives.

Question 3

Define “The Harm Principal”

Answer 3

If a persons conduct directly harms society, society then has the right to control it.

Question 4

What are some of Today’s ideas of freedom?

Answer 4

• Todays freedom is more positive, people can live on their own terms.
• You are free as long as the government doesn’t intervene

Question 5

What are the Three Kinds of Equality?

Answer 5

1. Equality of Citizenship
2. Equality in the “Worth” of rights
3. Equality of resources to live the good life

Question 6

Define “Equality of Citizenship” 3 Kinds of Equality

Answer 6

• All citizens are treated equally
• Breakdown these heiranhys
• Everyone was equally going to be held accountable by the law and equally protected by the law.
• Very minimal, doesn’t produce real equality

Question 7

Define “Equality in the “Worth” of rights” 3 Kinds of Equality

Answer 7

• Removed barrier that prevent people from being equal
• All equal right to be represented by a lawyer, qualify for legal aid
• Welfare doesn’t qualify for legal aid
• Have right to do something but can’t for various reasons **

Question 8

Define “Equality of Resources” 3 types of Equality

Answer 8

• Came out in the middle of the 20th century
• Resources should be dispersed equally
• Should have access to healthcare, legal assistance etc. whether you’re rich or not
• Public education, welfare etc.

Question 9

Liberty & Equality

Answer 9

• Lose freedom risk if equality goes too far

- Cant experience if we’re not equal

Question 10

The Rise of Enlightenment basic points

Answer 10

Enlightenment thinkers began to rebel against divine rule and other things

• Authoritarian rule
• Power of religious rule, christian church specifically
• The properties of human nature and intellect
• The possibilities for better politics and governments
• Wanted to make it so philosophical thought wasn’t only from members of the church
• New ways to run society